广州市典型中小型水库营养状态与蓝藻种群特征

中小型水库是广州市供水的重要水源地和后备水源地,为了解这类水库的富营养化特征以及蓝藻种群的动态,于2010年的枯水期、丰水期对广州市6座典型的中小型水库进行了采样与分析。结果表明：梅州水库、芙蓉嶂水库为贫-中营养型,三坑水库、百花林水库、和龙水库为中-富营养型,洪秀全水库为富营养型,水库营养状态指数季节变化差异不显著。在同一座水库中,水力滞留时间越长,营养状态指数越高;在不同水库之间,营养状态指数与集雨区内人类活动影响有关。6座水库蓝藻生物量的季节变化明显,受水温和水体稳定性的影响,枯水期蓝藻生物量在0.14~171.8μg.L-1之间,占浮游植物总生物量的0.1%~10.0%;丰水期蓝藻生物量在0.013~32.8 mg.L-1之间,占浮游植物总生物量的6.5%~97.0%。不同营养状态的水库之间蓝藻的生物量和种类差异明显,受营养盐和水力滞留时间的影响,梅州水库、芙蓉嶂水库蓝藻生物量在0.1~16μg.L-1之间,主要种类为泽丝藻（Limnothrix redekei）、卷曲鱼腥藻（Anabaena pertuthate）、水华微囊藻（Microcystis flos-aquae）、粘球藻（Gloeocapsa sp.）;三坑水库、百花林水库、和龙水库蓝藻生物量在0.057~32.8 mg.L-1之间,主要优势种为拟柱孢藻（Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii）、泽丝藻、假鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaena limnetica）;洪秀全水库蓝藻生物量在0.107~2.637 mg.L-1之间,主要优势种为阿氏颤藻（Oscillatoria agardhii）、水华微囊藻、卷曲鱼腥藻。     

Water Quality in Drinking Water Reservoirs of a Megacity, Istanbul

Providing clean water at relevant quality and quantity is a challenge that regulatory authorities have to face in metropolitan cities that seem to develop at their limits of sustainability. Istanbul strives to face such a challenge for its population of over 10 million, through six surface water resources. Two approaches of classification for the reservoirs are presented, one based on current regulations and an alternative based on a more detailed classification. The results have shown that nutrient control is the primary issue, and one of the reservoirs has already exceeded the limits of being eutrophic, one is at mesotrophic conditions, and the remaining four are at the limit of being eutrophic, indicating the significance of making the correct decision and taking pertinent measures for management and control. It has been observed that the only mesotrophic resource, which also has the best general quality class, has no industry and a very low population density, whereas the one that is already eutrophic is also the one with the lowest quality class, has the highest population density, and has the greatest percentage of urban land use within its watershed.     

梯级水库建设下的水沙营养盐协同变化规律研究：以嘉陵江为例

水库建设在兴利防洪的同时对多个环境要素造成了影响,现有研究主要分析水、沙、营养盐等单一要素变化,缺乏不同要素间的协同分析.本研究基于IHA指标、MK分析、Spearman相关分析等方法讨论了1995—2017年嘉陵江梯级水库建设对流域水-沙-污染物等单个要素和多个要素协同性的综合影响.结果表明,水库建设对河流流量具有"削峰填平"作用,其中枯水期流量增加13.3%～47.0%,丰水期流量下降率最高则达19.4%;相对于流量,水库建设对泥沙的削减作用更为明显,且对上游河流泥沙输移影响更大.同时,水库建设后其下游水、沙、营养盐过程线趋同,尤其是丰水期,水、沙、营养盐指标相关系数显著提升,均达0.75以上.该结果补充了目前水库建设对水、沙、营养盐综合影响研究的不足,为水利工程影响下的水环境综合管理提供了支撑.     

2002年春季沙尘暴对青岛大气气溶胶的影响

根据TSP,PM10,分级粒子质量浓度观测资料,分析了2002年春季发生于我国北方的2次沙尘天气过程对青岛大气环境的影响.在3月15-19日和21-23日的2次沙尘天气过程中TSP质量浓度分别为0.488和0.721 mg/m\+3,比平时增加了2.8和4.1倍.沙尘天气期间2～7 μm粒子为影响青岛的主要成分,在第2次沙尘暴期间该粒径的粒子质量浓度增加了30倍,其中2.1～3.3 μm粒子质量浓度达到0.13 mg/m\+3.根据地面气象资料和PM10连续监测资料发现,在地面风向转北之前,高空气流携带的沙尘首先影响到青岛.