D.radiodurans kat A和kat B基因的结构分析与功能鉴定

以简并引物PCR获得的Cat酶基因片段探针,结合生物信息学方法,探明了耐辐射奇球菌（D.radiodu-rans)基因组中存在两个编码过氧化氢酶（Catalase,Cat)的基因：katA和B.katA和katB基因长2277bp和1611bp,各编码758和536个氨基酸,用pKK223-3表达载体连接katB基因,转入Cat酶缺陷型大肠杆菌（E. coliUM2)进行表达.katB基因表达产物具有Cat酶活性,电泳迁移位置与D.radiodurans CatB酶位置相符,并可重建E.coliUM2对低浓度H2O2损伤的耐受力。     

氟中毒家蚕过氧化氢酶活性的变化

运用在人工饲料中定量添加氟化物的方法 ,探讨了氟对家蚕血液过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明 :氟能引起家蚕血液过氧化氢酶活性的显著增强 ,并随添氟浓度的增加而增强 ,间隔添氟、停止添氟不能减轻这种诱导作用 ,添食石灰能减轻氟对血液过氧化氢酶活性的影响。     

M-DNB和P-DNB对鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶的影响

为阐明M－DNB和P－DNB对鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶的影响,在体内实验条件下,测定了鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶的活性。间－二硝基苯M－DNB和对－二硝基苯P－DNB对鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶均有明显的抑制作用,EC₅₀值分别为1.382mg/L和0.0807mg/L。鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶对P－DNB的敏感性比对M－DNB更高。     

稻田土壤细菌对重金属镉的氧化应激反应研究

研究重金属镉胁迫下稻田土壤大肠杆菌K12、枯草芽孢杆菌B19及Ralstonia eutropha DKC1中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和ATP酶活性等应激酶活性的短期(46 h)变化.结果表明,不同浓度镉对E.coli K12,B.subtilisB19和R.eutrophaDKC1培养不同时间的SOD、CAT和ATP酶活性均有不同程度的诱导作用,表现在前期、低浓度时激活,后期、高浓度时抑制,体现了不同微生物间的差异以及抗镉潜力的不同.3种指标间接地反映了环境中有毒有害物质的存在,且能在早期较灵敏地指示污染的影响,作为环境受到污染胁迫的细胞生化指标具有一定可行性.     

溴硝醇对土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响

研究了溴硝醇农药施入土壤后,土壤中脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的变化情况。结果表明:低浓度1mg/kg时,施入溴硝醇对土壤脲酶表现为激活—抑制—激活—恢复过程,而对过氧化氢酶活性则一直表现出一定激活作用。高浓度20mg/kg时,则对土壤脲酶活性表现为抑制—恢复过程,而对过氧化氢酶活性表现为抑制—激活—恢复的过程,这种抑制作用随着溴硝醇浓度的增高而增强。在过氧化氢酶被激活的阶段,溴硝醇浓度越高则被激活率也越高,然后随着时间的延长逐步得到恢复。土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶都对溴硝醇比较敏感。     

The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress

Salicylic acid （SA） was an essential component of the plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant response to some abiotic stress. The possible effects of SA on the growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress were studied. When rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing Pb^2＋ （0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 mmol/L） for 18 d, the plant biomass as well as the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing Pb concentration. The pre-treatment with SA （treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA for 48 h before Pb stress） partially protected seedlings from Pb toxicity. The chlorophyll contents were significant higher in leaves of Pb-exposed with SA pre-treatment seedlings than in Pb-exposed plants at the same Pb intensity. SA pre-treated alone could significantly increase the length of shoot and root of seedlings but the vigour difference was not marked under long-term exposure to Pb toxicity. SA pre-treated influence the H2O2 level in leaves of seedlings by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, repressing the activity of catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） depending on the concentrations of Pb^2＋ in the growth medium. The results supported the conclusion that SA played a positive role in rice seedlings against Pb toxicity.     

Effects of arsenic on seed germination and physiological activities in wheat seedlings

The effects of arsenic(As)were investigated on seed germination,root and shoot length and their biomass and some other factors to elucidate the toxicity of As.The results showed low concentrations of As(O-1 mg/kg)stimulated seed germination and the growth of root and shoot,however,these factors all decreased gradually at high concentrations of As(5-20 mg/kg).The contents Of O2-,MDA,soluble protein and peroxidase(POD)activity all increased with increasing As concentrations.Soluble sugar content,ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities decreased at low concentrations of As,and increased at high concentrations of As.While acetylsalicylic acid(ASA)and chlorophyll contents,catalase(CAT)activity displayed increasing trend when the concentrations of As was lower than 1 mg/kg,and then decreasing trend.By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE).As induced the expression of POD isozymes of wheat seedlings.As induced the expression of CAT isozymes but inhibited the expression of SOD isozymes of wheat seedlings at concentrations lower than 1 mg/kg.However,As inhibited the expression of CAT isozymes but induced the expression of SOD isozymes at concentrations higher than 5 mg/kg.The results indicated As could exert harmfulness in the early development stage of wheat at inappropriate concentrations.     

厌氧氨氧化UASB系统对氨氮的超量去除机制研究

采用UASB反应器在改变NO₂^--N/NH₄⁺-N比条件下,考察厌氧氨氧化系统对NH₄⁺-N的超量去除特征、相关酶的催化活性以及污泥菌群结构.结果表明,随着进水NO₂^--N浓度降低,反应器对NH₄⁺-N的去除量相比理论较大,在停供NO₂^--N情况下,反应器内NH₄⁺-N去除可达55 mg/L.反应器内NH₄⁺-N的去除并不是是来自进水中SO₄^2-和Fe³⁺/EDTA络合物,而是存在NH₄⁺-N的好氧硝化.过氧化氢酶测定联合分子生物学技术分析显示,好氧硝化的所需氧量分别来自进水和过氧化氢酶产氧.反应器底部污泥层的氨氧化菌（AOB）、厌氧氨氧化菌（AnAOB）活性优于上部污泥层,相反,上部污泥层的异养反硝化菌（HDB）活性优于底部污泥层,二者协同将NH₄⁺-N转化为N₂.     

镉在日本无刺楤木叶片的积累与对其抗氧化系统的影响

为考察镉对日本无刺楤木(Aralia elata var. inermis)生长及品质安全性的影响,采用生物盆栽法研究镉处理对不同生长期楤木叶片抗氧化系统影响及与镉含量关系。结果表明:展叶末期楤木叶片镉含量较少,镉对楤木叶片抗氧化能力有促进作用,随着处理量增加,叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性、叶绿素含量先增大后减小,镉对过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性影响较强,可使其降至对照的30%,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈一定的先下降后上升的变化。生长中期POD活性达整个生长期最低;随着镉处理量增加,CAT活性先增强后减弱,但明显高于对照;叶绿素含量降幅各生长期最大,最低为对照69.1%;MDA含量则有显著增加。落叶初期叶片镉含量达到同处理最大;随着镉处理量的增加,POD活性持续减弱,CAT活性先增强后减弱,所受影响小于生长中期;叶绿素含量持续下降;落叶初期MDA含量在低量镉处理中降低,高量镉处理下继续升高。     

铝胁迫下外源钙对外生菌根真菌抗氧化保护酶活性的影响

采用液体培养方法,研究了4个不同菌株(Bo 02、Bo 15、Pt 715和Sl 08)的抗铝性及其在铝胁迫下加入0、0.25、0.5、1.0 mmol.-1L-1Ca2+处理后抗氧化保护酶活性的变化,旨在了解钙在缓解外生菌根真菌铝毒方面的作用.结果表明,不同菌株抗铝性不同,Pt 715和Sl 08的抗铝性强于Bo 02和Bo 15.铝胁迫可显著提高外生菌根真菌Bo 02 CAT和SOD活性、Bo 15SOD活性、Sl 08 CAT和POD活性,说明外生菌根真菌中这几种酶活性的提高与铝毒胁迫密切相关.4个菌株中,Bo 02酶活性对外源钙最敏感,外源钙对Bo 02铝胁迫的缓解作用最好.较高浓度的钙(≥0.5 mmol.L-1)可缓解或消除Sl 08铝胁迫造成的抗氧化酶活性上升.