高炉粉尘基臭氧催化微电解填料对垃圾渗滤液的处理：与不同填料对比研究

制备了高炉粉尘基微电解(BFD-IE)填料,在臭氧催化的条件下降解垃圾渗滤液,并与商业臭氧催化填料和TEMPO-Cu分子筛填料的处理效果进行对比.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对BFD-IE填料和另外两种不同填料进行表征,并对比了三者对垃圾渗滤液中COD和NH₄⁺-N的去除效果.结果表明,在相同的臭氧浓度(20 mg·L^-1)和反应时间下,BFD-IE填料对COD的去除效果(61.3%)要优于商业臭氧催化填料(50.9%)和TEMPO-Cu分子筛填料(39.1%);但对NH₄⁺-N的去除效果存在差异,TEMPO-Cu分子筛填料在20 mg·L^-1臭氧浓度下反应10 min即可实现74.9%的去除率,高于BFD-IE填料(32.7%).此外,经臭氧催化BFD-IE填料处理后的垃圾渗滤液,可生化性显著提升(从0.07提升至0.63),明显优于其他两种填料(0.29和0.39).最后,借助电化学技术和ESR技术,证明了臭氧...     

Simultaneous removal of gaseous CO and elemental mercury over Cu-Co modified activated coke at low temperature

Cu-Co multiple-oxides modified on HNO₃-pretreated activated coke (AC_N) were optimized for the simultaneous removal of gaseous CO and elemental mercury (Hg⁰) at low temperature (< 200 °C). It was found that 2%CuOx-10%CoOx/AC_N catalyst calcined at 400°C resulted in the coexistence of complex oxides including CuO, Cu₂O, Co₃O₄, Co₂O₃ and CoO phases, which might be good for the simultaneous catalytic oxidation of CO by Co-species and removal of Hg⁰ by Cu-species, benefiting from the synergistic catalysis during the electro-interaction between Co and Cu cations (CoO ? Co₃O₄ and Cu₂O ? CuO). The catalysis removal of CO oxidation was obviously depended on the reaction temperature obtaining 94.7% at 200 °C, while no obvious promoting effect on the Hg⁰ removal (68.3%-78.7%). These materials were very substitute for the removal of CO and Hg° from the flue gas with the conditions of 8–20 vol.% O₂ and flue-gas temperature below 200 °C. The removal of Hg° followed the combination processes of adsorption and catalytic oxidation reaction via Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, while the catalysis of CO abided by the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism with lattice oxygen species.     

常温催化抗菌研究现状及展望

病原微生物所引发的传染性疾病严重威胁人类健康和生命。传统抗菌技术通常需要外加光、热等能量,如紫外线、光催化、微波等,实际应用受限。常温催化作为一种新型抗菌技术,能够在常温条件下发生催化氧化反应,产生强氧化性的活性氧物种而起杀菌作用。因此,常温催化技术在抗菌领域具有应用优势,综述其抗菌研究现状对于系统性认知常温催化抗菌具有指导意义。本文阐述了常温催化抗菌材料及其活性氧物种产生过程,介绍了常温催化抗菌性能的评价方法,讨论了常温催化抗菌的作用机制,重点分析了常温催化抗菌性能的影响因素。此外,基于国内外常温催化的抗菌研究现状,指出了常温催化抗菌研究存在的问题及未来发展趋势。     

催化超临界水氧化偏二甲肼动力学研究

采用CuO/γ-Al2O3和MnO2/γ-Al2O3为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂,在一连续流固定床反应器中进行了催化超临界水氧化偏二甲肼实验,得到了COD去除宏观动力学方程.在24 MPa、400～450℃和H2O2过量的情况下,反应对COD分别为1.11级(CuO)和1.26级(MnO2),对氧气分别为0.10级(CuO)和0.12级(MnO2).反应的活化能分别为35.75 kJ/mol(CuO)和37.79 kJ/mol(MnO2),前置因子A分别为9.35×102(CuO)和3.45 ×103(MnO2).     

催化还原脱除地下水中硝酸盐的研究

采用浸渍法制备催化剂Pd-Cu/γ-Al2O3,用BET、ICP、XRD、TEM和EDX对该催化剂进行了表征.以甲酸钠作为还原剂,对催化还原硝酸盐进行了试验研究.结果表明,100 mg·L-1硝酸盐完全反应时总氮的脱除率可以达到87%.催化反应的活性和选择性受pH值、催化剂投加量、甲酸钠浓度和硝酸盐初始浓度等反应条件影响.甲酸钠作为还原剂时只需控制溶液初始pH值,初始pH值过高或过低都会降低催化剂活性;控制初始pH值为4.5,适当降低催化剂投加量和增加甲酸钠的浓度有利于提高催化活性,但选择性会显著降低.初始pH值为4.5时,不同初始浓度硝酸盐的催化还原反应为一级反应.     

紫外光协同CuO-TiO_2/Al_2O_3三维粒子电极电催化降解罗丹明B

自制了CuO-TiO_2/Al_2O_3粒子电极,对其进行了表征。在此基础上构建了紫外光协同三维粒子电极电催化体系降解水中的罗丹明B,考察了降解过程的影响因素、动力学及机理。表征结果显示,粒子电极具有良好的表面结构及有效催化成分。实验结果表明:在罗丹明B质量浓度20 mg/L、槽电压15 V、电流0.3 A、溶液pH 3.0、曝气量1.5 L/min、Fe~(2+)投加量0.5 mmol/L的条件下反应60 min,脱色率达96.29%;反应过程符合一级动力学方程,反应速率常数为0.060 mg/(L·min);紫外光的加入使溶液中H_2O_2的浓度降低约30%,促进了H_2O_2的分解。     

气体循环条件下等离子体催化氧化吸附态苯

采用气体循环方式,对低温等离子体联合Mn Ox-Ag Ox、Co Ox-Ce Ox复合金属氧化物催化剂催化氧化吸附态的苯进行研究,主要考察了苯吸附存储量、氧化背景气体、催化剂对苯氧化性能的影响,并分析了催化剂对O3及N2O副产物产生的影响规律。研究结果表明,采用气体循环方式,有助于实现苯充分氧化为CO2。相同条件下,COx产率、CO2选择性及对O3的分解能力大小依次为:Mn Ox-Ag Ox/γ-Al2O3Co Ox-Ce Ox/γ-Al2O3γ-Al2O3。氧气背景下,气体循环75 min后,Mn Ox-Ag Ox/γ-Al2O3及Co Ox-Ce Ox/γ-Al2O3催化剂存在时,CO2选择性大于95%;气体循环90 min后,与γ-Al2O3所对应的COx产率相比,Mn Ox-Ag Ox/γ-Al2O3、Co Ox-Ce Ox/γ-Al2O3分别提高了38%、17%。FT-IR分析结果表明,等离子体催化氧化苯的主要产物为CO2、CO和H2O,副产物为少量的O3及N2O。     

Pyrolysis of cellulose under catalysis of SAPO-34, ZSM-5, and Y zeolite via the Py-GC/MS method

Bio-oil from pyrolysis of biomass is an important renewable source for liquid fuel and/or for chemicals. However, the application of bio-oil was severely restricted due to its high viscosity, acidity, and low heating value. Hence, it is necessary to upgrade the bio-oil for deoxygenation or for chemicals by catalytic reactions. In this paper, the catalytic behaviors of SAPO-34, ZSM-5, and Y zeolite on pyrolysis of cellulose were investigated via pyrolyzer combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) method in Py-mode. The results showed that ZSM-5 and Y zeolite could promote the conversions of oxygen-containing components to gases, water, aromatics, and phenols. Comparatively, more gas and water were generated under the catalysis of Y zeolite at lower temperatures, while at temperatures above 700°C, the effect of ZSM-5 became more distinct; aromatics were more generated under the catalysis of ZSM-5, while Y zeolite exerted a more distinct role in promoting the formation of phenols. The effect of SAPO-34 caused more water and furfural derivatives, less aromatics and phenols, and exerted a weak influence on gases.     

Cu~(2+)助芬顿法处理高浓度邻苯二甲酸二甲酯废水

Cu2+可以与H2O2发生类Fenton反应,用Fenton法处理同时含有难降解有机物和Cu2+的工业废水时,Cu2+对于Fenton氧化难降解有机物的反应具有促进作用。本实验在高浓度邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和Cu2+组成的模拟工业废水中投加Fenton试剂(Fe2++H2O2),利用Cu2+辅助Fe2+催化Fenton反应氧化难降解有机物。通过正交实验,优选反应条件,并进行单因素实验,分析不同Cu2+浓度、初始H2O2浓度、H2O2∶Fe2+(摩尔比)、pH及温度对DMP去除率的影响,以确定最佳的反应条件,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨。当Cu2+浓度为10 mg/L、DMP浓度为250 mg/L、初始H2O2的浓度为499.5 mg/L、H2O2∶Fe2+的摩尔比为4∶1、温度为20℃时,DMP的去除率最高可达到98.67%。本研究为类芬顿法处理难降解有机物和重金属离子共存的复杂工业废水奠定了基础。     

微波辐照技术在活性炭脱硫中的应用

采用微波辐照技术对煤质活性炭进行加热,研究了不同的微波功率、辐照时间和样品粒径等因素对活性炭脱硫性能的影响,找出了合适的处理条件.同时,将改性活性炭和原炭对SO2的吸附和催化性能做了比较,说明了微波辐照活性炭具有比原炭更好的吸附和催化性能.采用氮气吸附仪、pH精密酸度计、XPS、元素分析等测试了改性活性炭和原炭的物理化学性能:活性炭的表面积和孔结构没有显著改变;活性炭的脱硫性能与活性炭的pH值有着一定的关系;具有较低氧含量和较高的氮含量的活性炭具有较好的脱硫活性;CH2　和　CO(烯酮基)官能团含量相对增加有利于SO2的吸附.