V_2O_5共混制备改性活性焦的脱硫性能及机理

以煤为原料、V2O5为添加剂共混制备新型活性焦(V/AC),研究了该活性焦的物理化学特征和脱硫性能,并探讨了改性活性焦脱硫机制。研究表明,改性活性焦的得率随V2O5负载量增加而增加,其脱硫性能均比未改性的活性焦高。当V2O5负载比例为12%时,碘值达到最大,为415 mg/g;其脱硫性能也最高,穿透硫容达到136.42 mg/g炭,比未改性活性焦增加约38.23%。BET结果表明,改性活性焦主要以微孔为主;红外光谱分析显示活性焦表面存在醇、羧酸、酚或醚类官能团。改性活性焦的脱硫机制包括:V2O5在活性焦表面主要以V2O3存在,脱硫时在氧气的存在下转化为V2O5;V/AC吸附、氧化SO2形成具有VOSO4结构的中间体,此中间体与O2反应生成V2O5和SO3,SO3或与H2O结合所成的H2SO4迁移到V2O5周围的微孔中。     

CO2+MEA反应在CaCO3催化下Eley-Rideal模型及混合胺溶液体系协同效应的机理研究

研究混合胺溶液吸收二氧化碳(CO₂)的反应机理对低碳环保具有重要意义.本文以碳酸钙(CaCO₃)为催化剂,在Eley-Rideal模型下通过Gaussian09软件模拟计算乙醇胺(MEA)+CO₂反应机理,,同时计算混合胺溶液体系乙醇胺(MEA)+二乙醇胺(DEA)/2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)/N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)吸收CO₂中经实验证明的协同效应.本文在CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)水平上计算在两性离子机理下中间步骤的自由能和几何振动频率.模拟结果表明,在固体催化剂CaCO₃作用下,反应活化能降低了14.9%,但是自由能没有降低.混合胺盐能量(MEA-DEA-CO₂,MEA-AMP-CO₂)低于MEA-CO₂-MEA能量,差距分别为-18.25%和-14.5%,而MEA-MDEA-CO₂体系能量与单一溶液体系差距仅为-5.88%.这表明二级胺,空间位阻胺的协同效应大于三级胺.     

Application of heterogeneous catalysis to biodiesel synthesis using microalgae oil

• Microalgae oil application for biodiesel synthesis is discussed. • Catalytic effectiveness of ferment preparations and chemical catalyst is disputed. • Application of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel synthesis is reviewed. • Possibilities of catalyst regeneration is shown. Recently, there is a growing interest in the use of microalga in various fields. Microalgae have properties such as rapid reproduction and high biomass accumulation, and under certain conditions, some are able to accumulate a large amount of oil. However, microalgae oil often contains more free fatty acids than the vegetable oil and is therefore unsuitable for biodiesel synthesis using alkaline catalysts. For this reason, some authors suggest the application of heterogeneous catalysis. A particular interest in the use of immobilized enzymes has developed. Other solid substances can also be used as heterogeneous catalysts are usually metal oxides, carbonates or zeolites. The use of these catalysts results in simpler biodiesel synthesis, especially purification processes, a cleaner end product and a less polluted environment. The molar ratio of alcohol to oil is lower during enzymatic transesterification, and more than 90% ester yield is obtained using a molar ratio of alcohol to oil of 3:1 to 4.5:1. The alcohols do not have a negative effect on the effectiveness of chemical catalysts, so it is possible to use alcohols in molar ratio from 4:1 to 12:1. The optimal temperature of enzymatic process is 30℃‒50℃. An ester yield of more than 95% was obtained in 12‒48 h. Using chemical catalysts, greater than a 95% yield of esters was obtained at higher temperatures in a shorter time. Material costs of enzymatic catalysis can be reduced by reusing the catalysts directly or after regeneration.     

Fe~(3+)离子催化与微生物代谢在烟气脱硫中的协同作用

在酸性条件下(pH=2.0~2.8),Fe3+对SO2显示了良好的催化氧化作用。Fe2+对反应有较强的抑制作用。电院微生物1在其繁殖过程中,以Fe2+为能源,能有效地将Fe2+转化为Fe3+。将这一功能与上述反应相结合,能够维持Fe3+浓度,使反应持续进行。     

以工业级TiO2为载体负载不同助催化剂V2O5基脱氮催化剂的性能

在工业级TiO2载体上,通过浸渍法负载V2O5,WO3和MoO3等活性物质,制备不同V2O5基的烟气脱氮催化剂．在固定床反应器中测试DeNOx活性,研究不同的助催化剂(WO3和MoO3)对该类型催化剂DeNOx活性的影响,结果表明,在三元催化剂中,V2O5是主活性物质,MoO3和WO3是助催化剂,此外,V2O5-MoO3／TiO2的脱氮效率高于V2O5-WO3／TiO2,但N2O的生成量较大。     

ABR-接触氧化-化学氧化组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液方法研究

以垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,应用ABR 接触氧化 化学氧化组合工艺进行处理。通过分阶段污泥培养驯化以及变容积负荷进行试验研究,试验结果表明:进水有机负荷小于10 kg COD/(m3·d),好氧出水COD稳定在1 000~1 500 mg/L,去除率可以稳定在80%~85%;好氧池出水经过Fenton氧化处理,出水COD小于100 mg/L。该组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液能够进行有效处理,运行效果较好,技术上可行。     

UV-Fenton光催化氧化处理高浓度邻苯二甲酸二辛酯生产废水

采用UV-Fenton技术光催化氧化高浓度邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）生产废水，确定最佳操作条件为：初始pH=3.8，H₂O₂浓度为9.99 g/L，H₂O₂/Fe²⁺摩尔比为20∶1，光照反应60 min。此条件下的废水COD去除率为89.1%，出水COD值在570 mg/L左右。经正交试验确定影响处理效果各因素的重要性顺序为：H₂O₂浓度＞H₂O₂/Fe²⁺摩尔比＞光照反应时间＞pH。UV的加入与单独的Fenton体系存在正相关的协同作用。废水降解的表观过程符合一级反应动力学模式。     

Ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate by bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC catalyst for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 in water

Bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC （granular activated carbon） was prepared and used as heterogeneous catalyst in the ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate （PS, S2O8 2-） process. The effect of initial pH, PS concentration, catalyst addition and stirring rate on the decolorization of Acid Orange 7 （AO7） was investigated. The results showed that the decolorization efficiency increased with an increase in PS concentration from 0.3 to 0.5 g/L and an increase in catalyst amount from 0.5 to 0.8 g/L. But further increase in PS concentration and catalyst addition would result in an unpronounced increase in decolorization efficiency. In the range of 300 to 900 r/min, stirring rate had little effect on AO7 decolorization. The catalyst stability was evaluated by measuring decolorization efficiency for four successive cycles.     

宏量和微量元素在炉内喷钙脱硫过程中的作用

研究添加粉煤灰对脱硫过程的作用,实验在滴管炉上进行,温度为１２００℃,结果表明,一些宏量元素的金属氧化物对脱硫过程具有催化作用,但这种催化作用随Ｆｅ２Ｏ３掺加量的改变而变化,先升高后降低,有一个最佳值;一些微量元素的金属氧化物对脱硫过程更强的催化氧化作用,当ＭｎＯ２的掺加量为３％时,充效率提高近１倍。     

改性TiO2对废水处理光催化效率的影响研究进展

TiO2材料在紫外光照射下对废水中的有机物具有光催化降解作用,在环境保护污染治理方面有着广阔的应用前景,但其催化效率并不理想。本文介绍了材料TiO2光催化在废水处理中的研究现状,指出了限制TiO2光催化效率的影响因素,并综述了如何提高其光催化效率的几种途径。