Carbon‐neutral jet‐fuel re‐synthesised from sequestrated CO2

A chemical pathway combining reverse water gas shift, Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis and hydro‐cracking was considered to re‐synthesise jet fuel from CO₂ captured at high purity by oxy‐fuelling of a typical coal‐fired power station (Drax, UK). The oxygen for oxy‐fuelling and hydrogen for the fuel re‐synthesis process are sourced by electrolysis of water. According to material and energy balances , 3.1 MT/year of jet fuel and 1.6 MT/year each of gas oil and naphtha can be produced from the Drax annual emissions of 20 MT of CO₂, sufficient to supply 23% of the UK jet fuel requirements. The overall re‐synthesis requires 16.9 GW, to be sourced renewably from (offshore) wind power, and releases 4.4 GW of exothermic energy giving scope for improvements via process integration. The energy re‐synthesis penalty was 82% ideally and 95% on a practical basis. With the cost of offshore wind power predicted to reduce to 2.0 p/kWh by 2020, this ‘re‐syn’ jet fuel would be competitive with conventional jet fuel, especially if carbon taxes apply. The re‐use of CO₂ sequestrated from coal power stations to form jet‐fuel would halve the combined CO₂ emissions from the coal power and aviation sectors.     

Removing lignin model pollutants with BiFeO3–g-C3N4 compound as an efficient visible-light-heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst

BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 nanoscaled composite was prepared with a hydrothermal method and evaluated as a highly efficient photo-Fenton like catalyst under visible light irradiation. The BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 composite exhibited much stronger adsorption ability to lignin model pollutant(guaiacol) than that of BiFeO_3, which may be due to the higher specific surface area(BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4: 35.59 m~2/g BiFeO_3: 7.42 m~2/g) and the adsorption form of π–π stack between g-C_3N_4 and guaiacol. The composite exhibited excellent visible light-Fenton like catalysis activity, being influenced by the solution pH value and the proportions of BiFeO_3 and g-C_3N_4 nanosheets. Under optimal conditions with visible light irradiation, the BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 composite yielded fast degradation of guaiacol with an apparent rate constant of 0.0452 min~(-1), which were 5.21 and 6.80 folds of that achieved by using BiFeO_3 and the mixture of BiFeO_3 and g-C_3N_4 nanosheets, respectively. The significantly enhanced visible light-Fenton like catalytic properties of the BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 composite in comparison with that of BiFeO_3 was attributed to a large surface area, much increased adsorption capacity and the semiconductor coupling effect between BiFeO_3 and g-C_3N_4 in the composite.     

Fe3O4/FeS2活化H2O2降解典型苯胂酸类污染物

利用水热法成功制备了Fe₃O₄/FeS₂催化剂,并将其用于构建非均相芬顿体系降解典型的苯胂酸类污染物（洛克沙胂,ROX）.XRD、SEM、XPS和磁学测量系统（VSM）等表征结果表明,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂呈明显的颗粒状且具有良好的磁性.降解实验结果显示,在最优条件下（初始pH值为4.5、ROX起始浓度为20mg/L、Fe₃O₄/FeS₂投加量为0.15g/L和H₂O₂浓度为0.034g/L,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂介导的非均相芬顿体系可以超快速降解ROX,1min后的降解效率达到96.74%,明显优于单独的Fe₃O₄或FeS₂体系.此外,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂可以通过磁铁进行快速回收利用,同时也具有良好的重复利用性能,使用3次后,ROX的降解效率仍超过80%.机理分析表明,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂能够快速地催化H₂O₂产生具有强氧化性的羟基自由基（·OH）.在·OH的作-用下,ROX分子结构中C-As、C-N和C-C等化学键发生断裂,发生脱砷、脱硝和开环等反应,进而生成一系列的有机产物（如酚类、醌类、小分子有机酸等）和无机产物（As （V）和NO₃^-）.之后,无机砷能够被吸附在催化剂表面,而有机产物则进一步被矿化.     

Enhanced activation of peroxydisulfate by strontium modified BiFeO3perovskite for ciprofloxacin degradation

A series of Sr-doped BiFeO₃ perovskites (Bi_1-xSr_xFeO₃, BSFO) fabricated via sol-gel method was applied as peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. Various technologies were used to characterize the morphology and physicochemical features of prepared BSFO samples and the results indicated that Sr was successfully inserted into the perovskites lattice. The catalytic performance of BiFeO₃ was significantly boosted by strontium doping. Specifically, Bi_0.9Sr_0.1FeO₃ (0.1BSFO) exhibited the highest catalytic performance for PDS activation to remove CIP, where 95% of CIP (10 mg/L) could be degraded with the addition of 1 g/L 0.1BSFO and 1 mmol/L PDS within 60 min. Moreover, 0.1BSFO displayed high reusability and stability with lower metal leaching. Weak acidic condition was preferred to neutral and alkaline conditions in 0.1BSFO/PDS system. The boosted catalytic performance can be interpreted as the lower oxidation state of Fe and the existence of affluent oxygen vacancies generated by Sr doping, that induced the formation of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) which was confirmed as the dominant reactive species by radical scavenging studies and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests. The catalytic oxidation mechanism related to major ¹O₂ and minor free radicals was proposed. Current study opens a new avenue to develop effective A-site modified perovskite and expands their application for PDS activation in wastewater remediation.     

常用缓冲溶液对解草唑水解的催化效应研究

研究了温度、pH值以及常用缓冲溶液对解草唑水解的影响.结果表明.解草唑在不同pH值和温度下的水解遵循一级动力学反应,其水解速率随着pH和温度的升高而增大.利用Bronsted酸碱催化理论推导了所用缓冲溶液对解草唑水解的影响,结果表明缓冲溶液对解草唑水解存在明显的催化作用,加快了解草唑的水解速率.而且不同缓冲盐体系的缓冲催化能力也不同,同一缓冲盐体系在不同pH值条件下的缓冲催化能力也不同.其中pH=7的磷酸盐缓冲溶液表现出最大的催化作用.通过建立基于缓冲因子校正的以温度和pH值为变量的方程,预测了模拟天然水体中解草唑的水解半减期,结果表明其水解半减期为7～790 d.液相色谱.质谱分析表明,在碱性条件下(pH 8-10),解草唑通过乙酸乙酯基团水解生成解草唑酸.     

光-Fenton/TiO2催化氧化法降解酸性红B的研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2,将TiO2与Fenton试剂联合用来处理酸性红B模拟废水,研究了在紫外光条件下的降解效果,确定最佳反应条件.实验结果表明,采用TiO2与Fenton试剂联合的方式对酸性红B染料废水进行处理,其降解效果明显优于单一使用TiO2和Fenton法的处理方式.对于初始浓度为100 mg/L的酸性红B模拟染料废水,在TiO2投加量为1 g/L,pH为3,Fe2+为0.15 mmol/L,H2O2为1mmol/L,UV光照时间为60 min时,脱色率可达最佳.     

漆酶催化氧化雌酮的研究

以空气中氧气为氧化剂,用漆酶催化水中的雌酮,分别研究反应体系的PH值、温度、漆酶浓度、底物浓度对雌酮去除率的影响。结果表明：pH值4—5范围内,pH=4．5时,雌酮的去除率最高,40min后可达91％;适宜温度范围为22．5℃～27．5℃,反应的最适温度为25℃,40min后可达93％;适量增加漆酶浓度可提高反应速度和去除效率,但过量的漆酶会造成酶分子对E1的包裹而降低催化效率;漆酶在较宽的底物浓度范围内对雌酮都有催化效果。     

多相催化-臭氧氧化法处理模拟有机磷农药废水

实验通过臭氧氧化法来降解模拟废水中的有机磷农药,将其转化为无害物质,并试验研究了在废水中加入2种自制的催化剂对降解结果的影响。采用气相色谱法测定水中有机磷农药的量。结果表明,只用臭氧处理的情况下1周后有机磷的去除率为78.03%;在催化剂A存在下,去除率可达93.85%;在催化剂B存在下,去除率可达为88.35%。结果表明,臭氧氧化法对此类污水具有较好的降解作用,尤其在有催化剂存在的情况下处理效果更好,在室温和中性介质中均属于一级反应。     

炭法烟气脱硫技术现状与趋势

介绍了炭法烟气脱硫在脱硫剂、脱硫工艺和设备等方面的应用现状和研究进展 ,分析了制约炭法烟气脱硫技术发展的原因 ,并提出 :开发新材料、新工艺 ,变传统的炭吸附法脱硫技术为炭催化法脱硫技术是炭法脱硫技术的发展方向     

微波辐照技术在活性炭脱硫中的应用

采用微波辐照技术对煤质活性炭进行加热,研究了不同的微波功率、辐照时间和样品粒径等因素对活性炭脱硫性能的影响,找出了合适的处理条件.同时,将改性活性炭和原炭对SO2的吸附和催化性能做了比较,说明了微波辐照活性炭具有比原炭更好的吸附和催化性能.采用氮气吸附仪、pH精密酸度计、XPS、元素分析等测试了改性活性炭和原炭的物理化学性能:活性炭的表面积和孔结构没有显著改变;活性炭的脱硫性能与活性炭的pH值有着一定的关系;具有较低氧含量和较高的氮含量的活性炭具有较好的脱硫活性;CH2　和　CO(烯酮基)官能团含量相对增加有利于SO2的吸附.