新型汽车尾气净化催化剂的研究

研究Ｌａ－Ｃｏ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｐｄ催化剂的活性和热稳定性,结果表明,该催化剂具有低温活性良好、活性高以及热稳定性好的性能特点,对ＣＯ、ＨＣ氧化的Ｔ５０％和Ｔ１００％分别约为１８２℃,２３８℃和２４０℃、２６５℃,催化剂表面组分发生强相互作用形成３种活性中心,是催化剂低的起燃温度,高活性的原因。催化剂高温处理后未发生烧结,活性未下降,热稳定性良好。     

Application of red mud as a basic catalyst for biodiesel production

Red mud was investigated in triglyceride transesterification with a view to determine its viability as a basic catalyst for use in biodiesel synthesis.The effect of calcination temperature on the structure and activity of red mud catalysts was investigated.It was found that highly active catalyst was obtained by simply drying red mud at 200°C.Utilization of red mud as a catalyst for biodiesel production not only provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way of recycling this solid red mud waste,significantly reducing its environmental effects,but also reduces the price of biodiesel to make biodiesel competitive with petroleum diesel.     

Photocatalytic degradation of dye effluent by titanium dioxide pillar pellets in aqueous solution

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) process is an effective way to deal with organic pollutants in wastewater which could be difficult to be degraded by conventional biological treatment methods. Normally the TiO2 powder in nanometre size range was directly used as photocatalyst for dye degradation in wastewater. However the titanium dioxide powder was arduous to be recovered from the solution after treatment. In this application, a new form of TiO2(i. e. pillar pellets ranging from 2.5 to 5.3 mm long and with a diameter of 3.7 mm) was used and investigated for photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluent. A test system was built with a flat plate reactor(FPR) and UV light source(blacklight and solar simulator as light source respectively) for investigating the effectiveness of the new form of TiO2. It was found that the photocatalytic process under this configuration could efficiently remove colours from textile dyeing effluent. Comparing with the TiO2 powder, the pellet was very easy to recovered from the treated solution and can be reused in multiple times without the significant change on the photocatalytic property. The results also showed that to achieve the same photocatalytic performance, the FPR area by pellets was about 91% smaller than required by TiO2 powder. At least TiO2 pellet could be used as an alternative form of photocatalyst in applications for textile effluent treatment process, also other wastewater treatment processes.     

纳米材料的表面修饰和表征技术

介绍了纳米粒子的表面改性及表面修饰的目的和方法,并对纳米微粒表面改性的各种方法原理及其特点进行了归纳;对纳米材料的常用分析和表征技术做了概括,主要从纳米颗粒的粒度测量、纳米微粒的表面分析、成分分析等方面进行了简要阐述;对纳米材料的表面修饰和表征技术的发展进行了展望。     

载体酸处理对CuMnCeOx/堇青石微波催化燃烧甲苯性能的影响

针对堇青石载体比表面积小、活性组分分散程度低等问题,本研究使用盐酸对蜂窝状堇青石载体进行酸蚀处理以增大其比表面积.在采用等体积浸渍法制备CuMnCeO_x/酸蚀堇青石催化剂的基础上,开展了微波催化燃烧甲苯试验以考察酸处理对催化剂活性的影响,同时对CuMnCeO_x/堇青石与CuMnCeO_x/酸蚀堇青石催化剂进行BET、SEM、PSDA和XRD等表征测试.结果表明,堇青石载体的比表面积由酸蚀前的0.153 m²·g^-1提高至酸蚀后的1.024m²·g^-1;酸蚀未改变堇青石载体的晶体结构,同时CuMnCeO_x/酸蚀堇青石活性组分的特征峰相较于CuMnCeO_x/堇青石催化剂有所增多.在处理气量为0.12m³·h^-1、甲苯初始浓度为1000 mg·m^-3和床层温度为160℃的反应条件下,CuMnCeO_x/酸蚀堇青石催...     

奶牛粪高温堆肥保氮与除臭技术实验研究

采用高温堆肥模拟试验研究了有效微生物EM和两种调理剂稻草、蚯蚓粪在奶牛粪堆肥中保氮和除臭的效应及各自适宜的添加比例。结果表明,在高温条件下,EM、稻草和蚯蚓粪均可明显降低奶牛粪中NH3和H2S的挥发,EM各添加比例的NH3去除率为7.06%～11.80%,H2S去除率为5.30%～10.81%;稻草各添加比例的NH3去除率为11.76%～66.03%,H2S去除率为10.63%～60.28%;蚯蚓粪各添加比例的NH3去除率为10.07%～50.75%,H2S去除率为13.95%～56.78%。同时,随着添加比例的提高,有效微生物EM、稻草和蚯蚓粪对NH3和H2S的去除率增大,达到奶牛粪堆肥中最大的保氮除臭效果时,EM的添加比例为3%、稻草的添加比例为30%、蚯蚓粪的添加比例为10%。     

臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸盐生成效能与机理

比较了单独臭氧氧化和金属氧化物存在下臭氧催化氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成规律,探讨了催化剂投量、溴离子浓度、水的pH值、反应温度等对臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸盐生成的影响规律及在催化剂存在下控制溴酸盐生成的机理.结果表明,催化剂投量从0 mg/L增加到250 mg/L,能减少溴酸盐生成量85.1%;当溴离子浓度为0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/L时,臭氧催化氧化分别能减少溴酸盐生成量69.2%、83.5%和15.2%,溴离子浓度变化对催化作用的影响无明显规律;pH值升高会降低催化作用的效果;反应温度在5～25℃之间时,臭氧催化氧化能降低43%～59%的溴酸根生成量(溴离子浓度1.5 mg/L),反应温度变化不影响催化效果.催化剂通过抑制臭氧对次溴酸的氧化减少了溴酸根的生成量.催化剂表面的某些基团与硫酸根络合会削弱臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸根生成的能力,因此,利用催化剂控制溴酸盐的机理与催化剂表面性质密切相关.     

非热等离子体与催化相结合去除气相低浓度苯系物

利用串齿线-简体构成的等离子体反应器,研究了非热等离子体及其与Pt/Al2O3或Mn/Al2O3催化剂组合作用下的苯系物转化率、COx产率和O3生成情况.结果表明.苯系物转化率排序为对二甲苯＞甲苯＞苯.产生非热等离子体的放电区后接Pt/Al2O3或Mn/Al2O3催化剂可提高苯系物的转化率,并使达到相同转化率所对应的电压降低1～2kV,等离子体与催化剂之间表现出明显的协同效应.非热等离子体放电与Pt/Al2O3或Mn/Al2O3催化剂组合后也有利于苯系物向COx转化及去除放电产生的O3,可使最大COx产率从80%分别提高到86%和100%,而反应器出口的最大O3浓度则从707mg·m-3分别降至339mg·dm-3和39mg·dm-3.经过等离子体反应器、催化剂以及两者组合方式的优化,等离子体放电协同Mn/Al2O3催化剂工艺有望成为处理气相低浓度有机物的实用方法.     

闭环电控三元催化技术对化油器型车辆排放的控制

针对城市汽车尾气治理及化油器型车辆的排放现状 ,指出开发和运用闭环电控三元催化技术是目前解决城市化油器型车辆排放问题及时可行的过渡措施 ,并对电控三元催化技术的应用提出了建议与要求。     

MnFe2O4磁性纳米棒非均相Fenton催化降解水中四环素的研究

采用水热合成法成功制备出MnFe₂O₄磁性纳米棒(s-MnFe₂O₄),并考察了商品化的Fe₃O₄、MnFe₂O₄和合成的s-MnFe₂O₄纳米棒这3种磁性纳米颗粒作为非均相Fenton催化剂降解水中四环素抗生素的性能.同时,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附、振动样品磁强计(VSM)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂的理化性质进行了表征.非均相Fenton催化降解四环素的结果表明,s-MnFe₂O₄具有最高的催化活性,反应180 min,四环素的去除率可以达到87.6%,TOC的去除率达到47.5%.自由基捕获试验证实了羟基自由基(·OH)是非均相Fenton氧化过程中的主要活性物种.s-MnFe₂O₄磁性纳米棒的高催化活性归...