两点短时游离氯后转氯胺的顺序氯化消毒工艺研究

基于顺序氯化消毒工艺的原理,采用两点短时游离氯后转氯胺的两点顺序氯化消毒工艺,即在过滤和清水池前的两点分别加氯,并在清水池加氯后立即加氨转化为氯胺消毒的工艺,该工艺在常规处理工艺的给水厂进行了消毒试验.结果表明,加氯点的适当提前,不仅有利于控制消毒副产物的生成量,而且有效抑制了滤池中的生物膜滋生.两点顺序氯化消毒工艺中生成的卤代消毒副产物比相同条件下一次性加入等量的氯消毒剂的消毒方法产生的三卤甲烷(THMs)平均减少了51.6％,卤乙酸(HAAs)平均减少了46.7％.细菌学指标HPC的结果也显示出了该工艺在保障水质的微生物安全方面的优势.     

层次分析法应用于黑龙江省生态环境质量评价研究

将层次分析法应用于生态省建设指标体系的研究,构建了黑龙江省生态省建设指标体系.采用专家调查问卷的方式构造判断矩阵,应用MATLAB6.5计算软件编程,确定了各指标的权重.运用环境质量综合指数模型,对黑龙江省的生态环境质量进行分级,评价黑龙江省生态省建设所取得的进展.结果表明,应用层次分析法定量地评价省域范围生态环境质量是切实可行的,黑龙江省自开展生态省建设以来,生态环境得到了明显改善.     

LPWCO method for the treatment of high concentrated organic wastewater

Based on wet air oxidation (WAO) and Fenton reagent, thispaper raises a new low pressure wet catalytic oxidation(LPWCO)which requires low pressure for the treatment of highlyconcentrated and refractory organic wastewater. Compared withgeneral wet air oxidation, the pressure of the treatment(0.1-0.6MPa) is only one of tens to percentage of latter(3.5-10MPa). Inaddition, its temperature is no more than 180℃.Compared withFenton reagent, while H2O2/COD(weight ratio) less than 1.2, theremoval of COD in the treatment is over twenty percents more thanFenton's even the value of COD is more than 14000mg/L. In thispaper, we study the effect factor of COD removal and the mechanismof this treatment. The existence of synergistic effect (catalytic oxidation and carbonization) for COD removal in H2SO4-Fenton reagent system under the condition of applied pressure and heating (0.1-0.6MPa, 104-165℃) was verified. The best condition of this disposal are as follows:H2O2/COD(weight ratio)=0.2-1.0, Fe2+ 0.6×10-3 mol, H2SO4 0.5mol, COD>1×104mg/L, the operating pressure is 0.1-0.6MPa and temperature is 104-165℃. This method suit to dispose the high-concentrated refractory wastewater, especially to the wastewater containing H2SO produced in the manufacture of pesticide, dyestuff and petrochemical works.     

直接大红4BE的磷钨酸均相光催化还原脱色

以磷钨酸(H3PW12O40,PW12)为光催化剂,异丙醇(Isopropanol)作为电子给体的条件下对偶氮染料直接大红4BE进行均相光催化还原脱色研究,考察PW12用量、IS浓度、直接大红4BE和盐浓度等因素的影响,结果表明杂多蓝(PW1-2)对直接大红4BE具有明显的还原脱色作用.pH=2.0,直接大红4BE初始浓度50 mg·L-1,PW12浓度为600 mg·L-1,IS浓度为0.13mol·L-1,50 min直接大红4BE的脱色率可达到90.39%.4BE的光催化还原脱色速率随PW12和IS浓度的增加而增加,最后趋于恒定;直接大红4BE初始浓度增加,其光反应一级速率常数降低;PW12、IS和4BE浓度之间存在交互影响.离子强度增加,4BE脱色速率减小,表现为负的盐效应,推测4BE与光反应生成的杂多蓝(PW1-2)进行复合,然后发生电子转移引起偶氮染料还原脱色和杂多蓝氧化复原.本研究结果表明PW12/IS/UV能够有效用于偶氮染料直接大红4BE的还原脱色处理.     

催化氧化技术治理苯化工装置和罐区含氮挥发性有机物废气

采用催化氧化技术对某石化企业苯胺、硝基苯等生产装置和罐区的含氮挥发性有机物(NVOCs)废气进行集中处理,建成了一套20 000 Nm~3/h规模的安全高效处理装置。采用自主研发的WSH-2N型蜂窝状Pt-Pd-Ce催化剂,在高效氧化有机物的同时,高选择性地将有机氮转化为N_2。运行结果表明,净化气非甲烷总烃质量浓度低于15 mg/m~3,非甲烷总烃去除率大于99%,NO_x质量浓度低于10 mg/m~3,苯、苯胺、硝基苯、环己烷等特征有机污染物浓度均低于检出限,各项指标优于国内外现有技术。     

乙醇废水的超临界水氧化反应路径及动力学研究

研究了超临界水氧化法 (SCWO)处理乙醇废水过程的反应路径和动力学 .乙醇SCWO反应的最终产物为CO2 ,CO是此过程的中间产物 .以幂指数方程描述乙醇SCWO反应动力学 ,得到对于乙醇的反应级数为 1,对氧气的反应级数为 0 .求出活化能和指前因子分别为 3 5 1× 10 5J·mol-1和 7 74× 10 2 1s-1.方程计算值和实验值吻合较好 ,误差基本在 10 %以内     

铟掺杂促进铜铝催化剂低温C3H6-SCR反应的机理

CuO/Al₂O₃催化剂为低温SCR催化剂,在其表面添加In组分,并用于丙烯选择性催化还原(C₃H₆-SCR)氮氧化物(NO_x)的研究。结果表明,负载CuIn的催化剂表现出最好的反应活性,在350 °C时NO_x转化率可达到62%。XPS表征结果显示,同时负载In改变了Cu的化合价态和表面氧的分布,提高了催化剂表面Cu²⁺和化学吸附氧的比例。H₂-TPR和NO+O₂-TPD结果表明,同时负载CuIn能提高催化剂氧化还原性,也促进了NO_x的吸附,催化剂表面生成大量的亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐。反应机理研究表明,C₃H₆-SCR过程沿着L-H反应路径进行,同时负载CuIn能促进C₃H₆的快速氧化,并有助于催化剂表面甲酸盐和乙酸盐的形成。因此,Cu²⁺和化学吸附氧比例的提高,会增强催化剂的氧化还原性能,从而加速甲/乙酸盐的形成,这可能是促进C₃H₆-SCR低温活性得以提高的主要原因。本研究可为应用于柴油车尾气控制技术的低温SCR催化剂开发提供参考。     

模糊数学原理在湿法磷酸过程风险评价中的应用

在建立安全评价指标体系基础上,采用层次分析法确定各因素的权重分配.运用模糊数学原理对湿法磷酸过程中的风险进行评价,最终得到其风险的模糊评价结果.结果表明,湿法磷酸过程中的风险为第5级,即风险小.     

埕岛油田海底管道漏磁检测与安全评估

提出了埕岛油田海底管道内缺陷漏磁检测需解决的主要问题,研发了(0)325 mm管道内缺陷漏磁检测装置,确定了海底管道漏磁检测工艺流程,配套了管道检测发射装置、接受装置等相关设施,实现了海底管道的漏磁检测、缺陷分析和安全评估.     

Combination of biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend and SCR catalyst assembly to reduce emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine

In this study, the efforts to reduce NOx and particulate matter （PM） emissions from a diesel engine using both ethanol-selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx over an Ag/Al2O3 catalyst and a biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend （BE-diesel） on an engine bench test are discussed. Compared with diesel fuel, use of BE-diesel increased PM emissions by 14% due to the increase in the soluble organic fraction （SOF） of PM, but it greatly reduced the Bosch smoke number by 60%-80% according to the results from 13-mode test of European Stationary Cycle （ESC） test. The SCR catalyst was effective in NOx reduction by ethanol, and the NOx conversion was approximately 73%. Total hydrocarbons （THC） and CO emissions increased significantly during the SCR of NOx process. Two diesel oxidation catalyst （DOC） assemblies were used after Ag/Al2O3 converter to remove CO and HC. Different oxidation catalyst showed opposite effect on PM emission. The PM composition analysis revealed that the net effect of oxidation catalyst on total PM was an integrative effect on SOF reduction and sulfate formation of PM. The engine bench test results indicated that the combination of BE-diesel and a SCR catalyst assembly could provide benefits for NOx and PM emissions control even without using diesel particle filters （DPFs）.