基于煤矸石制备的聚合氯化铝铁钛及其在二沉池出水处理中的应用

以煤矸石酸浸液为原料,经过钛掺杂、聚合、熟化和浓缩干燥等过程,制备了高效无机高分子混凝剂聚合氯化铝铁钛(PTAFC)。分别考察了钛投加量、pH、聚合温度、聚合时间对PTAFC混凝性能的影响,同时研究了PTAFC对城镇污水处理厂二沉池出水浊度、COD、总磷和氨氮的去除效果,并与聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)进行了对比。结果表明：在钛铁摩尔比0.3、pH=1.5、聚合温度60 ℃、聚合时间3 h、常温熟化24 h时,所制得的PTAFC性能最佳;在投加量70 mg·L⁻¹、pH=7、反应温度20 ℃、慢速搅拌速度40 r·min⁻¹的混凝条件下,对自配水的浊度、COD和UV₂₅₄的去除效果最好,去除率分别为99.13%、37.25%和39.9%。PTAFC对城镇污水处理厂二沉池出水的浊度和总磷有极好的去除效果,同时对COD和氨氮有一定去除能力,污染物去除能力明显优于PAFC。上述研究成果对有效减少煤矸石的堆存量、拓宽煤矸石利用渠道,实现混凝剂的低成本、高效率工业化生产和应用具有重要的意义。     

氧化铁改性砂联合生物预处理对氨氮的吸附特性

对含氨氮(NH3-N)的微污染原水,采用自制氧化铁改性石英砂(iron oxide coated sand,IOCS)滤料强化过滤与生物预处理技术联合,进行强化处理与吸附效果研究.结果表明,采用强化挂膜法,生物预处理反应器的生物膜成熟期约为7 d,其对氨氮的去除率为60%~70%,但反应器中存在亚硝酸盐氮积累的现象.IOCS与生物预处理技术联合,对NH3-N的平均去除率为84.67%,出水NH3-N浓度均低于0.5 mg/L,NO2--N含量趋于0;而普通石英砂(RQS)在同等条件下,对氨氮的去除效果不稳定,平均去除率为74.31%,出水NH3-N平均浓度未达标,对NO2--N平均去除率仅有33.29%.在4 m/h滤速工况下,与生物预处理技术联合,IOCS和RQS对NH3-N最高去除率分别为94.3%和82.72%.IOCS与RQS的表面形态结构存在明显差异:前者的表面结构更加复杂多孔,比表面积大,有利于生物牢固附着;后者表面较光滑,比表面积小,挂膜后生物易脱落.     

厚覆盖区1：25万区域地质调查工作方法研究

通过1：25万杭州市幅厚覆盖区第四纪研究和填图实践，初步总结出“以气候旋回及基准面旋回等时性理论为基础，从古气候旋回宏观识别标志研究人手，以标准孔为基准点外延扩展，在反复认识与验证的基础上，进行层序地层划分，建立剖面等时格架，制作高精度对比的剖面图及准瞬时岩相古地理图”的研究方法，以及“从古岸线沉积物研究人手，充分运用非正式岩石地层单位的表示方法，结合考古及地方志，填绘出具岩石空间分布、海平面升降信息、古文化遗址、浅表含水层展布及河流与海岸线变迁”的非常规填图方法。提高了本区第四纪地层研究精度，使地质图具有强烈的地区特色。拓宽了区调工作的服务领域。并为沿海厚覆盖区的区域地质调查另辟了一条新思路。     

Lead adsorption capacities of different components in natural surface coatings

Pb adsorption capacities of Fe oxide, Mn oxide and organic materials in natural surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals) collected in three lakes, two ponds and a river in Jilin Province, China and Cayuga Lake in US were studied. A novel extraction technique was employed to remove one or more component(s) from the surface coatings. Pb adsorption to surface coatings before and after extraction was performed to determine the adsorptive properties of the extracted component(s). The statistical analysis of observed Pb adsorption was carried out using nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) to estimate the Pb adsorption capacity of each component of surface coatings. For each body of water, the estimated Pb adsorption capacity of Mn oxide( mol Pb/mol Mn) was significantly higher than that of Fe oxide( mol Pb/ mol Fe). The value of estimated adsorption capacities of organic materials with the unit mol Pb per kg COD was similar to or less than that of Fe oxides with the unit mol Pb per mol Fe. Comparison of components of surface coatings in different waters showed that the estimated Pb adsorption capacities of components in surface coatings developed in different natural waters were different,especially for Mn oxides.     

Rapid treatment of atrazine-contaminated water by nickel/iron bimetallic system

The utility of nickel/iron in the remediation of atraz.ine-contaminated water was investigated. The experimental results showed that nickel/iron had effective catalytic activity in dechlorinating atraz.ine under acidic conditions. The dechlonnation reaction approximately followed the first-order kinetics under the experimental conditions( nickel/iron: 1.0 g/250 ml: Ca~r~ = 20.0 mg/L), the reaction rate increased with decreasing pH value of the reaction solution and increasing the proportion of Ni: Fe within 2.95 %. For condition with 2.95% nickel/iron, the reaction rate constants were 0.07518( R = 0.9927), 0.06212( R = 0.9846) and 0.00131 min^-1 ( R = 0.9.565) at pH = 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0, respectively. HPLC analysis was used to monitor the decline of atraz.ine concentration.     

黄土丘陵区“梯田退耕”生态重建规划方法——以燕沟流域为例

论文在阐述“梯田退耕”生态重建规划指导思想、内容、标准及宜遵循的基本原则的基础上,借助GIS空间分析技术,提出并探讨了针对黄土丘陵区中小尺度流域或行政村合理布建梯田和经济林果园地等的规划方法及技术流程,进而将其应用于燕沟流域,研究结果表明业已探讨的规划方法是可行的和实用的。按规划结果,燕沟流域至少需新修梯田295.06hm2、果园4.61hm2,使其基本农田达到359.23hm2、果园面积达到622.69hm2;森林覆盖率48.87%,林灌草植被覆盖率可达75%,坡地减沙效益在80%以上。农业发展预计每年可实现粮食总产1645.13t、苹果总产9340t以上,载畜量可达7500只羊单位。     

废干电池中锌和汞的分布及其处理

由于民众缺乏环境意识和国家没有相应法规 ,大多数废干电池都随手丢弃 ,回收的废电池处于不同程度的腐蚀状态。介绍了锌、汞在废干电池中的分布状态以及腐蚀对其分布的影响 ,并根据它们的分布特点提出用真空法回收废干电池中的锌、汞。     

永梅会与中下扬子地区的成矿条件对比

永海会地区的区域构造、含矿地层和建造、中生代火山侵入岩体特征、局部控矿构造以及成矿物质来源、硫氢氧同位素、铅同位素、年龄同位素等成矿信息，都与扬子区、萍乐区已知铜金矿集区有许多相似之处。通过对比表明，永海会地区具有极大的找矿前应景。     

Acoustical environment of urban area related to the city development

This paper analyzes the relationship between urban development and noise pollution. The analysis, based on a wide range of measurements and statistical data,reveals the changes of the ambient noise resulting from city development. In conclusion the paper suggests some fundamental measures for improving the acoustical environment, the division of cities into functional areas and the development of a well designed road network. In addition, it is suggested that town planning, architecture and the implementation of appropriate regulations could also help to reduce noise levels.     

铜锰型催化剂对低浓度乙醇的催化燃烧性能

乙醇汽油车尾气中除了传统汽油车的三大常规污染物（CO、NO_x和HCs）,还含有导致光化学烟雾和臭氧污染的醇醛类非常规有机物。采用共沉淀法制备了CuO_x、MnO_x和CuMnO_x催化剂用于乙醇汽油车冷启动排放的低浓度乙醇的催化燃烧,同时采用氮气吸附脱附技术（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）、氢气程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对催化剂进行了表征。研究表明,CuMnO_x催化剂对低浓度乙醇具有较好的低温催化活性;当反应温度为185 ℃时,CO₂产率可达86%,优于单一的CuO_x催化剂（约20%）;同时,CuMnO_x比MnO_x具有较高的CO₂选择性。Cu、Mn之间的相互作用改变了催化剂的织构、结构和氧化性能,引起了催化剂表面晶貌和电子环境的变化,使得CuMnO_x催化剂表面具有大量的氧缺陷位,有利于氧分子在其表面的吸附,进而活化成表面活性氧物种。