过程耦合与空间集成：国土空间生态修复的景观生态学认知

新时期国土空间生态修复的核心是整体保护与系统治理,强调生态保护修复与社会经济发展耦合关联的系统性、协同性。景观生态学以景观为研究对象,基于整体综合视角聚焦景观结构与功能演变及其与人类社会相互作用机理,重点关注过程耦合与空间集成。面向国土空间生态修复的战略需求,景观生态学“格局与过程耦合-时空尺度-生态系统服务-景观可持续性”的研究路径能够为国土空间生态修复提供重要学科支撑;依据格局-过程互馈机理识别退化、受损的山水林田湖草生命共同体,基于景观多功能性权衡协调社会-生态需求并确定修复目标,应用生态安全格局优化多层级修复网络体系,建立面向景观可持续性的多尺度级联福祉保障。     

星云湖湖滨带生态建设与水生植被恢复

近年来由于人为活动的影响,星云湖的生态结构遭到了严重破坏,这是导致其污染自净能力下降,从而加速水质恶化的主要内在因素.在2000年3月湖泊水生生态演替调查及其原因分析的基础上,根据湖泊生态学的原理,提出了星云湖湖滨带生态建设与水生植被恢复的建设途径.     

Is renewable energy still green? Shaping Australia’s renewable energy enterprise in an age of ecological modernisation

ABSTRACT

Renewable energy (RE) illustrates well the logic of ecological modernisation (EM). This logic has successfully transformed RE from a fringe idea owned by largely environmental actors to a mainstream one embraced by a broader constituency. This mainstream embrace inevitably (re)shapes the renewables enterprise. Not all renewables actors today are driven by environmental goals. Instead, key actors, particularly in corporate or community domains, nurture competing norms and aspirations. How the renewables project is envisaged and the goals it is directed to serve can thus differ considerably. Understanding these differences is important since transformations in the energy domain will not only impact climate protection but shape social futures in significant ways. The analysis proceeds in two interrelated steps: first, empirically – conducting an exploration of some of the main projects and actors in the contemporary Australian RE space; and second, theoretically – considering these empirical developments through an EM lens.     

SBR活性污泥中的主要微生物类群及其基本生态规律初探

本文重点探讨采用ＳＢＲ活性污泥法处理有机磷农药（乐果）生产废水的工艺中，ＳＢＲ内的活性污泥的主要微生物类群、特征、功能以及与环境因子、废水处理运行状况的关系。     

Haloacetic acids in the aquatic environment. Part II: ecological risk assessment

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are environmental contaminants found in aquatic ecosystems throughout the world as a result of both anthropogenic and natural production. The ecological risk posed by these compounds to organisms in freshwater environments, with a specific focus on aquatic macrophytes, was characterized. The plants evaluated were Lemna gibba, Myriophyllum spicatum and M. sibiricum and the HAAs screened were monochloroacetic acid (MCA), dichloroacetic acid (DCA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and chlorodifluoroacetic acid (CDFA). Laboratory toxicity data formed the basis of the risk assessment, but field studies were also utilized. The estimated risk was calculated using hazard quotients (HQ), as well as effect measure distributions (EMD) in a modified probabilistic ecological risk assessment. EMDs were used to estimate HAA thresholds of toxicity for use in HQ assessments. This threshold was found to be a more sensitive measure of low toxicity than the no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) or the effective concentration (EC10). Using both deterministic and probabilistic methods, it was found that HAAs do not pose a significant risk to freshwater macrophytes at current environmental concentrations in Canada, Europe or Africa for both single compound and mixture exposures. Still, HAAs are generally found as mixtures and their potential interactions are not fully understood, rendering this phase of the assessment uncertain and justifying further effects characterization. TCA in some environments poses a slight risk to phytoplankton and future concentrations of TFA and CDFA are likely to increase due to their recalcitrant nature, warranting continued environmental surveillance of HAAs.     

抚河流域水生态环境恢复措施初探

论述了江西省抚河流域的概况、水生态环境的现状及存在的问题，包括淤泥的堆积、水土的流失、水污染、沿岸防洪圩堤标准偏低等问题,并提出了流域水生态环境恢复的目标，以及针对恢复目标提出了水权分配、水土保持治理、水工程治理、水质治理等方面的初步措施与建议。     

可持续发展的"零排放"生态城市模式初探

20世纪90年代初,联合国大学提出"零排放"概念,将可持续发展理论进一步深化.本文在研究循环经济、"零排放"农业、"零排放"工业的基础上,对"零排放"概念进行扩展,首次提出"零排放"生态城市模式的构想,这是一种有利于环境、资源与经济协调发展的绿色生活、工作、生产和消费方式.     

浅水湖泊水生植物适宜生物量评估方法的探讨

总结了水生植物对湖泊生态系统的影响、水生植物生物量控制与收割管理的研究,分析了目前浅水富营养化湖泊恢复过程中水生植物生物量确定方法的不足;立足于水生植物生长特点,提出了基于湖泊生态模型的浅水湖泊大型水生植物在生长期和衰亡期的适宜生物量评估方法的研究框架,本文可为指导湖泊生态修复工程及其后续维护,为完善健康湖泊的综合评价标准和湖泊生态修复理论提供科学支撑.     

三峡库区规模化顺坡沟垄果园氮、磷输出过程及流失负荷

通过对三峡库区顺坡垄沟构型的规模化柑橘园集水区次降雨过程径流氮、磷进行动态监测,分析典型降雨事件氮和磷流失负荷,并探讨了规模化柑橘种植对土壤氮磷流失及入库河流水环境的影响.结果表明:①顺坡沟垄柑橘园集水区径流氮和磷年流失负荷分别为13.43 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1)和1.26 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1),春季施肥及强降雨冲刷是集水区污染物高负荷的主要原因;②集水区全年总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的EMC为8.49 mg·L~(-1)和0.87 mg·L~(-1),超过发生水体富营养化含量标准;③春季施肥后的2场典型降雨中,长历时暴雨径流硝态氮(NN)和溶解态磷(DP)负荷为4.94 kg·hm~(-2)和0.28 kg·hm~(-2),分别占TN和TP流失负荷的92.90%和64.69%;短历时大雨径流NN和DP负荷为0.52 kg·hm~(-2)和0.05 kg·hm~(-2),分别占TN和TP的65.92%和74.88%,溶解态氮和磷是顺坡沟垄坡面果园径流氮和磷流失的主要途径;④集水区氮磷流失表现出显著的"初始冲刷效应",初期20%的地表径流流失了58.0%的TN, 57.0%的DN, 58.5%的NN, 79.0%的AN, 62.0%的TP, 63.5%的DP和60.0%的PP,控制初期地表径流对降低入库径流养分具有重要作用.     

象山近海表层沉积物重金属分布特征和生态风险评价

浙江省象山东部的开阔海域接纳沉积了长江和浙北沿岸经济发达地区包括重金属污染物在内的入海物质.为全面了解象山近海沉积物重金属污染状况,基于2017年夏季54个采样点表层沉积物测试资料,分析其中Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、As、Cd等7种重金属元素的分布特征、影响因素和主要来源,并应用地质累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对重金属元素进行污染状况和生态风险评价.结果表明:研究区Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、As、Cd平均质量分数分别为89.860、36.890、108.740、32.150、0.041、6.090和0.134 μg/g,研究区中部和韭山西北侧海域表层沉积物中的重金属含量较高,近岸区域和东南部外海区域含量较低.Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd受控于粒度和有机质分布,均以陆源输入为主;Hg、As以其他物质来源为主.主成分分析法将全部因子概括为3个主成分.地累积指数评价结果表明,象山近海表层沉积物中Cu和Cd属轻度污染;研究区中部大片区域具有中等潜在生态风险,主要生态风险因子为Hg和Cd.研究显示,象山近海仍以陆源输入型重金属污染物为主,同时受到海洋水动力、理化条件以及人类用海活动的影响.