环糊精对腐植酸-芘、蒽相互作用影响初探

利用吸收光谱、荧光猝灭法、圆二色谱法及芘荧光探针法,探讨了环糊精(CDs)对腐植酸(HA)与以芘为代表的多环芳烃(PAHs)相互作用的影响.β-CD与HA的吸收光谱和荧光光谱测定结果表明:β-CD能够包络HA的芳环部分;荧光猝灭法和圆二色谱法测定结果表明:HA能够与被β-CD空腔包络的芘分子发生相互作用,CDs和HA之间存在与芘相互作用的竞争;用荧光猝灭法测定了四种不同CDs存在下HA和芘的结合常数,并用芘为荧光探针进行测定,结果表明:CDs浓度较低时,HA对芘的作用占优势;反之,CDs占优势.与其它三种CDs不同,γ-CD存在下HA与芘的结合常数随其浓度的升高一直增大.     

岗南水库沉积物间隙水有色溶解有机物的时空分布特征及差异分析

有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)作为溶解性有机物的重要组分,影响着水体中污染物质的形态特征和迁移转化过程.本研究运用紫外-可见光谱技术(UV-vis)以及三维荧光光谱(EEMs)技术结合平行因子分析法(PARAFAC),对岗南水库自入库河口到坝前主库区四季演变过程中沉积物间隙水CDOM的分布、光谱特征以及来源进行解析.结果表明,岗南水库沉积物间隙水CDOM的相对浓度a₂₅₄、a₂₆₀、a₂₈₀和a₃₅₅存在显著的季节差异,并且相对浓度大小为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;沉积物间隙水CDOM的E2/E3、E3/E4、E4/E6以及S_R存在显著的季节差异,呈现冬季高夏季低的特征;秋冬季的E2/E3以及E3/E4明显高于春夏季,并且秋冬季的E3/E4大部分均大于3.5,表明秋冬季沉积物间隙水CDOM具有更小的分子量和更低的腐殖化程度;三维荧光光谱通过PARAFAC解析出3种组分,分别为类酪氨酸(C1)、短波类富里酸(C2)和降解的腐殖类物质(C3),并且3种荧光组分间具有显著...     

复合式吸收器采样还原一体化冷原子吸收法测定大气中的汞

目的研制一种高效率采集大气中汞的吸收器.方法利用一种集大泡式与玻砂板式吸收器为一体的复合式吸收器采样,并使采样还原一体化冷原子吸收法测定大气中汞.结果平均吸收率为96%,变异系数在4%～12%之间.结论复合式吸收器采样吸收效率高,适合于大气中微量汞的测定.     

石墨管连续涂覆结合基体改进测定地表水中的铅

尝试了使用5%钼酸铵-5%磷酸二氢铵溶液组成石墨管连续涂覆结合基体改进剂的方法,应用于地表水Pb的测量中。实验表明,本法具有提高石墨管在使用过程中的稳定性,消除基体效应的作用。     

雄安新区-白洋淀冬季冰封期水体溶解性有机物的空间分布、光谱特征及来源解析

运用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)技术结合平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)以及紫外-可见光谱技术(UV-vis),对雄安新区-白洋淀冬季冰封期不同特征区域水体溶解性有机物(DOM)的空间分布、光谱特征以及来源进行解析.结果表明,冬季冰封期白洋淀水体DOM吸收系数无特征峰,不同特征区域的差异显著;表层水体DOM与底层水体DOM的吸收系数差异不明显;冰封期白洋淀水体的E3/E4均大于3. 5,说明DOM以低腐殖质成分为主,E2/E3为6. 35±0. 72,表明DOM中小分子量的居多,而且SR为1. 33±0. 14均大于1,显示DOM主要为生物源;三维荧光通过PARAFAC解析出3种组分,分别为类酪氨酸(C1)、类色氨酸(C2)和陆源腐殖质(C3);对3个组分进行相关性分析,结果显示C1与C2之间具有显著的相关性(P <0. 001);白洋淀各个特征区域间的DOM总荧光强度和各荧光组分荧光强度呈现显著的差异(P <0. 01); DOM的总荧光强度以及各组分的荧光强度均呈现出唐河入淀口高、烧车淀低的特征,C1+C2是DOM的主要成分;冰封期白洋淀水体的DOM生物源指数(BIX)为1...     

Characterization of fulvic acids during olive mill waste composting (Elemental, Thermal and fluorescence analyses)

Elemental analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to the study of fulvic acids isolated from different stages during olive mill waste composting. The fulvic extracted acids are characterized by a high nitrogen content and O/C ratio values that may result from the high degree of humification and the synthesis of more condensed humic complexes. This was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy in the synchronous-scan mode by the decrease of shoulder intensities at intermediate wavelengths indicating the increase of polycondensation and conjugation of unsaturated structures and the greater uniformity of fluorophores. Fluorescence spectra in the emission, excitation and synchronous modes became simpler with compost maturation. This was confirmed by DSC results which proved the high degree of polycondensation of aromatic nuclei of fulvic acid molecules during olive mill waste composting.     

氟碳涂料实验室循环盐雾试验后防腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究氟碳重防腐涂层在循环盐雾试验后的防护性能.方法 开展氟碳涂层的实验室循环盐雾试验,通过电化学阻抗谱、附着力、光泽、色差测试等方法对氟碳涂层的各性能进行分析表征,并使用等效电路图对电化学阻抗谱数据进行拟合,评价涂层在盐雾试验后的腐蚀保护性能.结果 循环盐雾试验1440 h后,涂层无失光、变色、粉化等现象,模值由1.42×1011?·cm2下降至7.26×1010?·cm2,下降幅度较小.结论 经循环盐雾试验后的氟碳涂层仍具有优异的防护性能.     

Synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra of Chlorella vulgaris solution

The characterization of the Chlorella vulgaris solution was carried out using synchronous-scan spectroscopy. The range of concentration of algae and Fe(III) in aqueous solutions were 5 × 10⁸–8 × 10⁹ cells l⁻¹ and 10–60 μM, respectively. Effective characterization method used was synchronous-scan fluorescence spectroscopy. The wavelength difference (Δλ) of 90 nm was maintained between excitation and emission wavelengths; 90 nm was found to be the best Δλ for effective characterization of Chlorella vulgaris solution with or without quencher species (e.g., Fe(III), humic acid (HA)) for the first time. The peak was observed at about EX 236.6 nm/EM 326.6 nm for synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence quenching of algae in system of algae–Fe(III)–HA was studied using synchronous-scan spectroscopy for the first time. Fe(III) was clearly the effective quencher. The relationship between I₀/I (quenching efficiency) and c (concentration of Fe(III) added) was a linear correlation for the algae solution with Fe(III). Also, Aldrich humic acid was found to be an effective quencher. pH effect on synchronous-scan fluorescence intensity of algal solution with Fe(III) and/or HA was evident.     

Investigation of fault position and sources of radon by measurement of 238U decay series radionuclide activity in soil samples

North Derbyshire is designated a Radon Affected Area by the National Radiological Protection Board of Great Britain since more than 1% of the housing stock is estimated to have radon levels in excess of the 200 Bq m-3 Action Level. Enhanced radon emissions associated with geological faults make knowledge of their position important in relation to any potential residential or industrial development. A general survey of radionuclides present in the soils of north Derbyshire and their relationship to the underlying geology highlighted the difficulty of identifying the position of geological faults in the field. Using gamma-ray spectroscopy of soil samples the activity of three 238U decay series radionuclides (226Ra, 214Pb and 214Bi), which were taken as evidence of the presence of 222Rn which occurs in the same decay series, was measured to indicate the position of a fault by enhanced activity. The results also provided some evidence of the source of radon emitted at the fault. A comparison of this methodology with the more conventional soil gas analysis method is made.