Effects of calcined aluminum salts on the advanced dewatering and solidification/stabilization of sewage sludge

The high moisture content (80%) in the sewage dewatered sludge is the main obstacle to disposal and recycling. A chemical dewatering and stabilization/solidification (S/S) alternative for the sludge was developed, using calcined aluminum salts (AS) as solidifier, and CaCl2, Na2SO4 and CaSO4 as accelerators, to enhance the mechanical compressibility making the landfill operation possible. The properties of the resultant matrixes were determined in terms of moisture contents, unconfined compressive strength, products of hydration, and toxicity characteristics. The results showed that AS exhibited a moderate pozzolanic activity, and the mortar AS0 obtained with 5% AS and 10% CaSO4 of AS by weight presented a moisture contents below 50%–60% and a compressive strength of (51.32 ± 2.9) kPa after 5–7 days of curing time, meeting the minimum requirement for sanitary landfill. The use of CaSO4 obviously improved the S/S performance, causing higher strength level. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetrydifferential scanning calorimetry investigations revealed that a large amount of hydrates (viz., gismondine and CaCO3) were present in solidified sludge, leading to the depletion of evaporable water and the enhancement of the strength. In addition, the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and horizontal vibration (HJ 557-2009) leaching test were conducted to evaluate their environmental compatibility. It was found that the solidified products conformed to the toxicity characteristic criteria in China and could be safely disposed of in a sanitary landfill.     

串联微生物燃料电池的电压反转行为

微生物燃料电池是一种处理废水同时产电的具有广阔应用前景的新型水处理技术,其串联是产生更高电压的有效方法之一,但是会产生电压反转现象降低串联微生物燃料电池的性能.文章将二极管引入串联微生物燃料电池中以考察电压反转的行为.结果表明,不同的串联微生物燃料电池中均会发生电压反转.串联正向二极管的微生物燃料电池的电压反转行为与没...     

投加氢氧化铁对SMBR中活性污泥性能的影响

试验研究了在SMBR中投加不同量氢氧化铁对出水水质以及膜污染的影响。结果表明,生物铁-SMBR中随氢氧化铁投加量的增加,COD出水及去除率略有提高;氢氧化铁投加量为5%时,对活性污泥的活性促进作用最强;活性污泥SVI的降低主要是氢氧化铁絮体本身的化学絮凝作用所致;试验条件下氢氧化铁最佳投加量为混合液污泥浓度的5%时,半透膜压增长最慢,膜污染程度最轻。     

伊乐藻中有机酸的GC-MS分析及其抑藻作用研究

防治湖泊富营养化和藻类水华是当代资源、环境、生态领域重大的科学和技术问题与热点之一。利用水生植物化感作用抑制藻类生长作为一种新型的生物抑藻技术在近年来开始受到研究者的重视,并取得了一定的研究成果。文章采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析了伊乐藻超纯水浸提液的乙酸乙酯萃取浸膏的化学成分,共鉴定出20种有机酸,还研...     

盐度对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)消化酶活力的影响

以刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为实验对象,分别设置5个盐度水平(23、26、29、32和35),采用酶活性分析的方法比较研究了在不同盐度的养殖环境下,刺参消化道内前肠和中肠不同部位蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶3种消化酶活性的差异.结果表明,盐度对刺参消化酶活性影响显著(P<0.05).蛋白酶活力在盐度...     

五氯酚对生物膜活细胞含量及分布的影响研究

以废水处理生物膜为研究对象,建立了表征生物膜细胞活性的磷脂测定方法.研究中采用冷冻切片技术,以150μm为一层,考察生物膜不同深度的磷脂浓度.结果表明,当五氯酚浓度为零时,生物膜磷脂含量随深度方向呈近似的正态分布,磷脂含量的绝对值在(1246.2±217.4)～(527.2±95.3)μg/L之间(n=4),峰值出现在...     

金属离子对剩余污泥水解嗜热菌酶促效果影响研究

利用从土壤中采集分离出来的嗜热菌进行嗜热酶溶解（S-TE）污泥稳定化处理,同时添加4种金属离子（K＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Fe2＋）,考察各金属离子对剩余污泥水解效果的影响.实验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,4种金属离子都能强化污泥酶促反应,反应5h左右时蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力达到最大值.反应过程中,200μmol·L-1K...     

处理重金属废水人工湿地中微生物群落结构和酶活性变化

研究了处理含铜、铬与镍废水的三阶段波形潜流人工湿地中微生物群落结构和酶活性的空间变化. 用稀释平板菌落计数法研究了微生物的数量变化,用PCR-DGGE结合测序研究了微生物群落结构变化,并用比色法测定了土壤酶活性. 结果表明,在人工湿地中,细菌数量为(4.10 ± 0.72)×10⁶ ～ (1.61±0.10)×10⁷,真菌数量为(7.21±1.60)×10⁴ ～(1.29±0.02)×10⁵;放线菌数量为(1.41±0.27)×10⁶ ～(3.38±0.11)×10⁶. 回收自DGGE凝胶中的8个不同的条带均为特异的16S rRNA序列或18S rRNA序列,说明微生物群落结构发生了显著变化. 最大的脲酶活性［（0.67 ± 0.2) mg/(g·24 h）］、蔗糖酶活性［（40.15 ± 0.14) mg/(g·24 h）］和碱性磷酸酶活性［（1.03 ± 0.16) mg/(g·2 h）］分别出现在第1、第3和第1阶段. 相关性分析表明,真菌数与全量铬含量、有效态铬含量和铬的活化率均呈显著负相关,蔗糖酶活性与全量铜、全量镍和有效态镍也均呈显著负相关.     

Effect of vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines and their straw amendment on soil enzymes, respiration, functional diversity and community structure of soil microorganisms under field conditions

With the development of transgenic crops, there is an increasing concern about the possible adverse effects of their vegetation and residues on soil environmental quality. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible effects of the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines Huachi B6 (HC) and TT51 (TT) followed by the return of their straw to the soil on soil enzymes (catalase, urease, neutral phosphatase and invertase), anaerobic respiration activity, microbial utilization of carbon substrates and community structure, under field conditions. The results indicated that the vegetation of the two transgenic rice lines (HC and TT) and return of their straw had few adverse effects on soil enzymes and anaerobic respiration activity compared to their parent and distant parent, although some transient differences were observed. The vegetation and subsequent straw amendment of Bt rice HC and TT did not appear to have a harmful effect on the richness, evenness and community structure of soil microorganisms. No different pattern of impact due to plant species was found between HC and TT. It could be concluded that the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines and the return of their straw as organic fertilizer may not alter soil microbe-mediated functions.     

鼠李糖脂与疏水底物及其降解菌的相互作用

通过鼠李糖脂对假单胞菌GP3A菌株降解芘的增溶和降解实验,研究了在鼠李糖脂作用下,菌体细胞表面疏水性和脂多糖含量的变化、菌体表面基团与生物表面活性剂分子的键合作用以及相应疏水底物的增溶和降解．结果表明,当鼠李糖脂浓度高于其临界胶束浓度（60mg·L^-1）时,能显著增加疏水底物芘的表观溶解度;生物表面活性剂能通过溶出细...