腐蚀电池法处理印染废水

提出利用铁屑和烟道灰组腐蚀电池，治理印染水的方法。该方法以电化学作用为主 有还原降解、吸附和混凝等机制。采用铁屑／烟道灰过滤－混凝组合工艺处理印染废水，出水ＣＯＤ可降至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，去除率达８５％以上；色度低于５０倍脱色率达９５％以上，水质清澈透明，各项指标均符合国家排放标准。     

Assessment of the quality of the air in the city of Palermo through chemical and cell analyses on Pinus needles

The influence of air pollution on the chemical composition of Pinus sp. needles was examined in polluted and control sites in and around the city of Palermo (Sicily). The chemical composition of needles indicated the extent of contamination of the trees, which were cytologically examined. Cell analysis was carried out on pine samples, including needles and pollens, from 15 different locations. Biostructural and spectrophotometric tests were performed. In particular, concentrations of toxic (Cd, Pb) and non-toxic metals (Fe,Cu, Zn) were determined, as well as injury caused by their accumulation in the needles. The more highly urbanised areas showed higher concentrations of metals (Pb, Cu. Zn, Fe); only the concentrations of Cd and Mn turned out to be constant in all the sites. Cell analysis revealed displasic cells and secondary metabolite accumulations in trees from polluted sites. These changes observed were most likely caused by the toxic effect of pollutants.     

Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia using individual fetal erythroblasts isolated from maternal blood after enrichment

Single nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) isolated from maternal circulation were used for prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia. The study included 22 pregnant women in the first trimester, 6 carriers at risk for β-thalassaemia and 16 noncarriers. Methodology involved enrichment of NRBCs by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) and microdissection of single NRBCs with a laser micromanipulation system. Single-cell genotyping based on nested real-time PCR for genotyping β-globin gene mutations was performed followed by a multiplexed minifingerprinting to confirm the origin of the isolated cells and possible contamination. Two polymorphic markers (D13S314 and GABRB3) facilitated the identification of fetal NRBCs through comparison of allele sizes found in the respective parents. In this study, 224 single NRBCs were detached and transferred into individual PCR tubes. Allele amplification in at least one microsatellite marker was achieved in 128/224 cells. Minifingerprinting analysis showed that 22 cells were fetal, 26 maternal and 80 were noninformative due to ADO or homozygosity. In 6 NRBCs the β-globin gene was amplified and in 2, coming from the same pregnancy, only the paternal mutation was detected. The low PCR success when genotyping isolated NRBCs was possibly due to the poor quality of fetal NRBCs and the relatively large size of the β-globin gene product. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯致小鼠肥大细胞DNA损伤的初步研究

为探讨邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)对小鼠肥大细胞DNA的损伤作用,采用不同浓度BBP(0、4、20、100μmol·L-1)对体外培养的小鼠肥大细胞染毒60min,应用单细胞凝胶电泳法和KCl-SDS沉淀法检测细胞DNA断裂和DNA-蛋白质交联.结果表明,低、中、高浓度(4、20、100μmol·L-1)的BBP均可引起小鼠肥大细胞DNA损伤,低浓度BBP引起的DNA损伤主要以DNA断裂为主,而中、高浓度BBP引起的DNA损伤主要以DNA-蛋白质交联为主。     

微囊藻毒素对束丝藻细胞生长和抗氧化系统的影响

为从活性氧(ROS)角度探讨微囊藻毒素(MC)导致藻类细胞死亡的机理及揭示藻细胞对MC诱发的氧化胁迫的响应机制,采用50和500μg·L-1的微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)处理束丝藻(Aphanizomenon sp. DC01)细胞,测定了细胞生长、细胞内活性氧(ROS)含量及抗氧化系统的变化.结果表明,50μg·L-1的MC-LR处理对藻细胞的生长无显著影响,而500μg·L-1的MC-LR处理可诱导藻细胞死亡.50μg·L-1的MC-LR处理的藻细胞ROS含量在处理第2d显著高于对照;但藻细胞能通过还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性改变修复氧化损伤,使ROS水平在处理第3d恢复到对照水平.500μg·L-1的MC-LR处理可显著降低藻细胞GSH含量和SOD与GPX活性,刺激藻细胞生成过量的ROS;ROS在毒素处理4d后突然暴发,过量的ROS引起膜质过氧化,并最终导致藻细胞死亡。     

DEHP、DBP内分泌干扰活性的实验研究

利用MCF-7细胞增殖实验、细胞周期分析、细胞雌激素受体水平测定和断乳大鼠子宫增重实验探讨了邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)内分泌干扰活性及其可能的作用机制.结果表明,DEHP和DBP可诱导MCF-7细胞增殖、细胞内雌激素受体水平增高,对细胞周期无明显影响,DEHP不引起断乳大鼠子宫增重.推断DEHP和DBP可能并不是通过模拟雌激素而是引起体内天然激素受体水平改变等其他机制影响机体内分泌系统.     

Landfill Bioreactor Cells as Ecofilters for Extraction of Bio-energy and Nutrients from Solid Wastes

This paper describes a modified, ecologically based waste treatment technique, where municipal solid waste is anaerobically treated in landfill reactorcells in a way that both bio-energy and nutrients can be recovered. The controlled landfill reactorcell ('bioreactor-cell') serves as an anaerobic filter, where energy is extracted as biogas while nutrients are recovered through the leachates. The leachates can be used as fertilizer in e.g. energy forests within the controlled landfill area, and thus nutrients can be brought back into an ecocycle. At the same time anaerobic conditions result in an effective immobilization of heavy metals and other pollutants, e.g. through complexation to organic matter or as insoluble metal sulphides, which are immobilized in the fermentation residue. The long-lived organic fraction, remaining after the fermentation process has declined, containing a high content of lignine, serves as a water-holding matrix. Thus it helps to enforce a sustainable high moisture level, resulting in sustainable anaerobic conditions with heavy metals retained on a long-term basis. Also non-degradable products, like plastics, help to shield off oxygen and maintain reliable anaerobic conditions. Landfilling of organic matter under anaerobic conditions is a measure to counteract increasing concentrations of CO₂ in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities. A small fraction of the organic matter is long-term accumulated in the landfill, and the processes can be compared to those of natural wetlands.     

有机氯类农药在残留剂量下联合诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的机制研究

有机氯类农药为已确定的环境雌激素,易在体内蓄积产生慢性毒性危害人体健康。选择单一存在时无明显雌激素效应的残留剂量进行联合试验,观察联合作用后雌激素效应的增减。选取乳腺癌MCF-7细胞作为研究对象,对残留剂量下六氯苯(HCB)、β-六六六(β-BHC)和p,p’-滴滴涕(p,p’-DDT)联合后的雌激素效应机制进行了研究。首先,运用MTT法观察3种有机氯类农药残留剂量下单独和联合作用对MCF-7细胞生长的影响;然后,运用流式细胞仪测定有机氯类农药联合对MCF-7细胞周期的影响;之后,采用Western Blot法测定有机氯类农药联合后ERα、ERβ、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、Ki67、c-Myc和Cyclin D1蛋白表达的变化。结果显示,β-BHC+p,p’-DDT组、HCB+β-BHC+p,p’-DDT组作用24 h后细胞增殖率为115.0%、120.1%,作用48 h后增殖率为121.2%、126.3%,其他联合组与对照相比未发生明显变化;β-BHC+p,p’-DDT组、HCB+β-BHC+p,p’-DDT组中MCF-7细胞的G1期细胞比例下降,S期细胞比例上升,细胞呈高增殖状态;β-BHC+p,p’-DDT组、HCB+β-BHC+p,p’-DDT组和雌二醇(E2)组作用48 h后,均降低ERα的蛋白表达,升高ERβ的蛋白表达,促进p-ERK1/2、Ki67、Cyclin D1和c-Myc的蛋白表达。研究表明,在单一作用时不具有雌激素效应的残留剂量下,仅β-BHC+p,p’-DDT联合组和HCB+β-BHC+p,p’-DDT联合组具有明显雌激素效应,其效应机制为经雌激素受体途径,激活ERβ蛋白表达,抑制ERα蛋白表达,促进p-ERK1/2、Ki67、c-Myc和Cyclin D1等相关蛋白的表达。     

磁性纳米颗粒对不同模式生物的毒性研究

磁性纳米颗粒在生物医学等领域应用广泛,而其毒性研究尚未深入,对生物的影响及作用机制仍未阐明。本文综述了磁性纳米颗粒近年来对于细胞、鼠、家兔和秀丽隐杆线虫的毒理学研究,为磁性纳米颗粒的应用提供参考。     

量子点对Cu2+诱导L02细胞毒性的影响及机理研究

量子点(QDs)和Cu~(2+)可能共存于肝脏,对肝细胞产生联合毒性,威胁人体健康。本研究以人胚肝细胞(L02)为研究对象,考察了低/无毒的QDs(3.6%的细胞致死率)对Cu~(2+)诱导L02细胞毒性的影响及相关机理,为其可能的健康和环境风险提供参考。结果显示,QDs的加入使得Cu~(2+)的细胞毒性有了很大的提高,细胞存活率最高下降了26.0%,两者表现为协同作用;另外QDs存在使得Cu~(2+)细胞蓄积量增大,伴随着Cu~(2+)天然解毒蛋白CTR1和ATP7A等表达水平的升高,从侧面印证了Cu~(2+)的蓄积量增加对细胞的影响;同时,QDs的存在使得细胞乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehyfrogenase,LDH)泄露相对于Cu~(2+)单独处理组提高,暗示QDs可能破坏了细胞膜,导致Cu~(2+)在细胞内蓄积量增加,从而使细胞毒性增加,两者的联合毒性表现为协同作用。