反硝化脱硫微生物燃料电池的可行性研究

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)可在去除废水中污染物的同时回收电能.以S2-和NO-3-N分别作为阳极电子供体和阴极电子受体,研究了反硝化脱硫MFC的同步阳极除硫与阴极脱氮,分析了阳极进水S2-浓度对MFC产电性能及污染物去除情况的影响,探究了MFC阳极石墨纤维丝上的硫沉积情况及其对内阻的影响.结果表明,反硝化脱硫MFC在32 d内实现稳定的阳极除硫与阴极脱氮.外阻为100Ω时,电压稳定在(176.0±6.9)m V,相应的S2-和NO-3-N去除负荷分别为(0.94±0.04)kg·m-3NC·d-1和(11.1±0.6)g·m-3NC·d-1.MFC的产电能力随着阳极进水S2-浓度的增加逐渐增强,SO_2-4的生成率和NO-3-N去除负荷受S2-浓度影响较小.在试验S2-浓度下S2-的去除较彻底,SO_2-4的生成率均超过65%.NO-3-N去除负荷维持在12 g·m-3NC·d-1左右,出水NO-2-N浓度均低于0.01 mg·L-1.反硝化过程较完全.在运行过程中,MFC阳极的石墨纤维丝上会沉积颗粒硫,降低电极的有效面积,使MFC的内阻升高.     

灌浆套筒连接装配式框架-剪力墙爆炸响应与破坏

为了探究采用灌浆套筒连接的装配式框架-剪力墙结构的爆炸响应与破坏模式,运用LS-DYNA软件建立一榀两层的现浇框架-剪力墙和装配式框架-剪力墙的有限元模型,分别模拟分析了不同位置处发生爆炸时两种框架-剪力墙结构的动态响应及破坏模式,并对灌浆套筒连接的装配式框架-剪力墙进行了抗爆性能评估。研究结果表明:灌浆套筒连接的装配式框架-剪力墙结构整体性差,主要原因是预制构件和坐浆层、现浇带之间存在新旧混凝土的薄弱粘结面,粘结面的界面接触在爆炸荷载下首先发生断开,然后爆炸冲击力在结构局部区域发生聚集,使得结构的变形较为集中,容易造成结构局部发生严重的脆性破坏;现浇框架-剪力墙结构具有较好的整体性,爆炸冲击力在结构内能够有效地传递,而且构件之间具有良好的协同作用,结构变形较为均匀,现浇框架-剪力墙的破坏为延性破坏;炸药在结构中不同位置发生爆炸时,爆炸冲击波直接作用的构件损坏严重,其它构件损坏较轻。     

钢桁架-钢筋混凝土管柱结构风参数试验研究

结构下部空旷,上部挡风墙承担的风荷载对结构下部产生较大作用。我国规范没有对该类结构及其顶部透气性A型架的风参数作具体规定。为解决工程设计中风参数取值问题,进行了刚性模型风洞试验研究,得到了不同工况下挡风墙、A型架、管柱的体型系数及挡风墙的阵风系数,分析了风机、周围建筑物、风向角对相关风参数的影响,给出了相关参数的建议值。并将试验结果与数值模拟计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,二者吻合较好,研究结果为工程设计提供了基础资料,可供同类工程参考。     

3种兽药及饲料添加剂对鱼类的毒理效应

采用斑马鱼、鲤鱼作为生物材料,通过斑马鱼急性毒性试验、胚胎发育试验和鲤鱼肾细胞单细胞凝胶电泳试验,分别从生物个体水平、细胞水平和分子水平,对兽药及饲料添加剂喹乙醇、阿散酸和土霉素进行了生态毒理学效应研究。急性毒性试验结果表明,3种兽药及饲料添加剂在有生态学意义的浓度范围内对斑马鱼的急性毒性均不大;胚胎发育试验结果表明,喹乙醇和阿散酸对斑马鱼胚胎发育72 h的EC50值分别为221.20和239.54 mg.L-1,具有明显的致畸效应;单细胞凝胶电泳试验结果表明,喹乙醇和土霉素均具有一定的遗传毒性,能引起鲤鱼肾细胞DNA的明显损伤,并呈现出一定的剂量-效应关系。     

Aerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by a Proteobacteria strain in a closed culture system

The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE） in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introduced for MTBE aerobic biodegradation. After 7 d, almost all MTBE was degraded by a pure culture, a member of β-Proteobacteria named as PMI, in a closed system with oxygen supply, while only 40% MTBE was degraded in one without oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen （DO） levels of the broth in closed systems respectively with and without H2O2 were about 5-6 and 4 mg/L. Higher DO may improve the activity of monooxygemase, which is the key enzyme of metabolic pathway from MTBE to tert-butyl alcohol and finally to CO2, and may result in the increase of the degrading activity of PM1 cell. The purge and trap GC-MS result of the broth in closed systems showed that tea-butyl alcohol, isopronol and acetone were the main intermediate products.     

Immunotoxicity of bisphenol a to Carassius auratus Lymphocytes and macrophages following in vitro exposure

Bisphenol A （BPA） is the monomer component of polycarbonate plastics and classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical （EDC）. The reproductive toxicity of BPA has been extensively studied in mammals; however, relatively little information is available on the immunotoxic responses of fish to BPA. In this study, we investigated the effects of BPA on the immune functions of lymphocytes and macrophages in Carassius auratus. The effects of BPA were compared with those of two natural steroid hormones, estradiol and hydrocortisone. Proliferation of the two types of cells in response to PHA was measured using colorimetric MTT assay. Macrophage respiratory burst stimulated by Con A was measured using chemiluminescence assay. Results showed that BPA （0.054-5.4 mg/L）, estradiol （0.0002-2.0 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （5-50 mg/L） significantly induced Carassius auratus lymphocyte proliferation while higher doses of hydrocortisone （500-5000 mg/L） appeared to be inhibitory. BPA （0.005-50 mg/L）, estradiol （0.005-800 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （0.005-500 mg/L） markedly enhanced macrophage proliferation, whereas higher doses of BPA （500-1000 mg/L） appeared to inhibit cell proliferation. Furthermore, higher dosage of BPA （50 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （50 and 500 mg/L） suppressed the macrophages respiratory burst while estradiol is stimulative all the doses tested （0.05-500 mg/L）. In conclusion, BPA could have immunotoxicity to Carassius auratus and functional changes of lymphocyte and macrophage in Carassius auratus may be different between low and high dosages.     

聚氨酯泡沫固定化产碱杆菌细胞生物转化氰化物

利用1株产碱杆菌DN25作为降氰菌株,以聚氨酯泡沫为载体进行固定化,研究其转化特性.结果表明,采用吸附生长法能有效实现菌株DN25的固定,固定细胞量可达到每g泡沫载体生物量干重0.35g.固定化细胞的最适转化温度和pH为35℃、8.0.对于低浓度氰化物,固定化细胞和游离细胞的转化速率相当;对于高浓度氰化物,固定化细胞具有明显优势,不仅可耐受更高浓度的氰化物转化,其转化速率也高于游离细胞,最大转化速率为507mg/(L·h),是游离细胞的2.8倍.通过初步的摇瓶模拟序列批式反应,固定化细胞活性可保持20d.     

Enrichment of fetal cells from maternal blood by high gradient magnetic cell sorting (double MACS) for PCR-based genetic analysis

For simple and effective isolation of fetal cells from peripheral maternal blood, we combined depletion of maternal cells and enrichment of fetal cells by high-gradient magnetic cell separation (MACS). First CD45⁺ and CD14⁺ cells were depleted from maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MACS. From the depleted fraction, CD71⁺ erythroid cells were enriched up to 80 per cent by MACS. This ‘double-MACS’ procedure yielded an average depletion rate of 780-fold and an average enrichment rate of 500-fold, with approximate recovery rates of 40–55 per cent. For paternity testing, cells from unseparated blood and the various fractions were analysed for polymorphism of the HLA-DQ-A1 locus and D1S80 locus by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In CD45⁻/CD71⁺ sorted cells from maternal blood, but not in unfractionated cells from maternal blood or CD45⁻/CD14⁻ cells, paternal alleles could be detected. In the CD45⁻/CD71⁺ fraction, the relative frequency of paternal alleles compared with maternal alleles ranged from 1 in 20 to 1 in 200 (determined by titration and depending on the quality of separation and biological variation). In 7 out of 11 cases, between weeks 12 and 25 of gestation, we could identify paternal alleles by PCR, either HLA-DQ-A1 or D1S80. This double-MACS procedure is simple, fast, efficient, and reliable for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.     

Study on an environmental-friendly and high-efficient fuel cell energy conversion system

The kinds and the distribution of the coal in China are investigated.The results indicated that the 80% coal in China is used by the method of the coal gasification.The possibility of utilization and development of the fuel cell power plant in China is analyzed.A combined cycle generation system is designed.Its net electrical efficiency is about 55%(LHV),which is higher than that of the fire power plant.So it is environmental-friendly and high-efficient generation mode.     

Enrichment of fetal nucleated cells from maternal blood: Model test system using cord blood

The presence of small numbers of fetal nucleated red cells in the maternal circulation has been a stimulus for the development of technologies for non-invasive prenatal genetic analysis. Our laboratory has been assessing the feasibility of density gradient centrifugation followed by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) of cells expressing CD32 and CD45, to deplete maternal nucleated blood cells. We have examined the efficiency of each of the steps of this procedure using cord blood from term pregnancies as a source of nucleated red blood cells. Cord blood was shown to contain highly variable numbers of nucleated red cells. Three different density gradients were examined. There was no major difference in the performances of the double and triple gradients. Density gradient centrifugation resulted in enrichments of nucleated red blood cells of about 1000-fold relative to the total cell count. However, it was apparent that the selection of the cell layers which were most enriched for these cells would result in significant losses of nucleated red cells in other layers. MACS sorting of cells using CD45 resulted in white cell depletions ranging from 7 to 34-fold. These data provide a foundation for comparison with other methods and for optimization of the MACS technique.