Electrosynthesis of κ-Carrageenan Complexes with Gelatin

Electrosynthesis at pH 9, 12, and 11 of -carrageenan–gelatin complexes from electrolytes containing the components at proportions varying from 1:5 to 5:1 provided complexes in the composition varying in a range from 1:10 to 1:1.8. Components were bound mainly electrostatically, although partial insolubility of complexes in 7 M aqueous urea pointed to a part of the complexes bound covalently. None of the performed tests except solubility could confirm formation of covalent complexes. The complexation of -carrageenan to gelatin significantly increased the thermal stability of carrageenan, whereas the thermal stability of gelatin increased rather insignificantly.     

联锁控制阀及其在散料除尘中的应用

介绍一种自行设计，并已实践应用的机械联锁控制阀与电动卸料车、同步开启关闭自动控制技术。它是由控制阀、开启步进器、关闭装置等，与卸料车不可分割的相关组合而成，从而实现了散粒物料的转运卸料与通风除尘联锁同步、协调一致的工作特性。     

MATERIALS INPUT OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN: A SYNOPTIC APPRAISAL1

ABSTRACT: The complex morphometry of Lake Champlain requires that detailed, regional studies be made, and the results integrated, to yield total lake conditions. Using specific conductance measurements, and values of total dissolved solids calculated from them, we present an approach to assessing the materials budget of the lake. The sampling program involved inventorying all 319 tributaries, determining the watershed area for each, and dividing the Champlain basin into appropriate hydrographic regions. Data were obtained from samples collected from 41 selected streams (representing 97.5% of the annual water input), sampling occurring in all seasons of the year since 1970. Results indicate that over one million metric tonnes of total dissolved solids enter Lake Champlain annually, about two-thirds (63%) from the eastern (Vermont) portion and almost one-fourth (22%) from the western (New York) part of the drainage basin, the remainder (15%) entering from the south end. Of the total quantity added annually, 17.4% is retained in the lake, indicating that a solids build-up is occurring, at a significant rate. We suggest that specific conductance, and therefore total dissolved solids, be utilized as a convenient indicator of water quality conditions, and results applied to permit more efficient watershed management.     

煤灰渣开发利用的途径

本文在笔者研究的基础上提出了开发利用煤灰渣的途径,推荐了利用煤灰渣生产墙体材料、生产水泥及灌浆材料的有关参数。煤灰渣的开发利用不仅可减少堆放煤灰渣占用的土地和消除煤灰渣对环境的污染,而且可使企业获得显著的经济效益。     

基于元胞自动机的复杂建筑物中人员逃生模型研究

针对复杂建筑物中人群安全疏散问题,在原有的元胞自动机行人流模型基础上,利用不同人员行进速度、不同方向行进速度的差异以及疏散连续性等特征优化该模型,使其在模拟逃生规律和疏散时间方面更加合理、可靠。通过多组人群行进速度测定试验,利用曲线拟合方法,获取不同属性人群向不同高度的台阶行进的速度,并制定台阶等级划分规则,优化人员速度计算方法,结合累积位移量,构建复杂建筑元胞自动机模型。利用Matlab软件建立原有疏散模型及复杂建筑元胞自动机模型,分别模拟某海豚表演馆疏散情况。结果表明,复杂建筑元胞自动机模型的模拟数据与实际演习数据相比,在疏散总时间方面存在5%~8%相对偏差,相比原有疏散模型,在模拟复杂建筑疏散问题中更具说服力。     

不同生物质制备的生物炭对菲的吸附特性研究

以不同来源的生物质(荔枝树枝、小麦和水稻秸秆)为原料,在限氧条件下制备生物炭,对其进行表征,并进行吸附实验研究生物炭对菲的吸附特性。结果表明:生物炭的结构和理化性质随着生物质来源和热解温度的不同而呈现出明显的差异;荔枝树枝生物炭对菲的吸附能力(qe)和吸附亲和力(Koc)要明显大于小麦秸秆和水稻秸秆制备所得的生物炭,说明木本植物来源的生物炭与草本植物来源的生物炭在结构性质上有着明显的差异;不同温度(300,400,500,600℃)制备的荔枝树枝生物炭对菲的吸附研究表明,随着热解温度的升高,生物炭对菲的吸附能力(qe)和吸附亲和力(Koc)明显增强,吸附等温线的线性程度降低。生物炭吸附菲的可能机制有疏水效应、孔隙填充效应以及π-π共轭反应等。     

产品电子元器件封装及加固技术

为保证电子器件的环境适应性和可靠性要求,在传统"三防"的基础上,着重论述了产品电子元器件的封装、加固技术。方法介绍了常用的封装加固材料的性能,针对不同的器件,规定了封装加固工艺流程,其中针对导引头提出了两种封装材料,其耐冲击指标达到8×103g~20×103g。为三防设计及选材提供了依据,对工艺防护提供了实际经验和技术要求,从而避免缺陷导致的质量问题。电子元器件封装加固技术,能够提高电子产品的防护性能,具有一定指导作用。     

Thermal energy storage and thermodynamic properties of (E)-3-m-tolylbut-2-enoic acid as a medium temperature phase change material

Phase change materials (PCMs) that can store and release heat energy over the temperature range from 363 to 393 K are crucial for solar absorption cooling, and it is worthy to seek new solid-liquid PCMs candidates that melt and crystallize in this temperature range. In this paper, (E)-3-m-tolylbut-2-enoic acid (mTBEA) was applied as a PCM candidate. Its thermal energy storage properties and thermal stability were systematically investigated. The results showed that mTBEA melted at 382.9 ± 0.5 K and crystallized at about 364 K, with a melting enthalpy (Δ_fusH) of 138.4 ± 6.9 J g^?1 and showed good long-term cyclic stability and thermal stability. The supercooling of mTBEA was stabilized at about 20 K, indicating that the conservation condition of melted mTBEA could be simple. In addition, the melted mTBEA could release all the absorbed thermal energy upon crystallizing. Besides, mTBEA exhibited good thermal stability for it to be applied as PCM. Hence, mTBEA is a promising PCM candidate for solar absorption cooling. Furthermore, the heat capacity of mTBEA was measured by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) over the temperature range from 198.15 to 431.15 K, and the molar thermodynamic functions, [H_T-H_298.15]_m and [S_T-S_298.15]_m, were calculated based on the fitted molar heat capacity data.     

Multiphase flow and transport through fractured heterogeneous porous media

The migration of Dense, Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) and dissolved phase contamination through a fractured heterogeneous porous medium has been investigated through the use of a multiphase compositional model. The sensitivity of the timescales of migration and the distribution of contaminant in the subsurface to the mean permeability, the variance of the permeability, and the degree of fracturing of the domain were examined. It was found that increasing the mean permeability of the domain allowed the DNAPL to penetrate deeper into the subsurface, while decreasing the mean permeability caused the DNAPL to pool at shallower depths. The presence of fractures within the system was found to control the infiltration only in the most fractured domain. Moment analysis of the nonwetting phase showed that large-scale movement had ceased after approximately 9 years (maximum duration of the source-on condition was approximately 4.5 years). This tended to be due to a redistribution of the DNAPL towards a residual configuration, as was evidenced by the gradual trending of average nonwetting phase saturations within the domain to a static value. The dissolved phase plume was found to migrate at essentially the same rate as the nonwetting phase, due to the reduced relative permeability of lenses containing DNAPL, and due to diffusive losses of mass to the matrix of fractured clay and silty-clay lenses. Some exceptions to this were found when the DNAPL could not overcome the displacement pressure of a lens, and could not by-pass the lens due to the lack of available driving force after the source had been shut off.     

新疆建筑材料用工业废渣及其建材产品的辐射水平

报道了分布在新疆１３个地州市８０多个厂家的建材用工业废渣及其建材产品的放射性检测结果。多数废渣及其产品的放射性水平低于国家规定的限制（控制）标准，可以用作建筑材料，少数地区的部分工业废渣明显高于限制标准，不能用作建筑材料．必须健全放射性检测和管理制度．