考虑螺栓断裂的固体导弹水平跌落安全性分析

目的 通过数值仿真分析水平跌落条件下的固体导弹安全性。方法 基于LS-DYNA进行全弹水平跌落仿真计算,通过位移和加速度的实验测量值进行模型校核。重点分析螺栓断裂对结果的影响,对比螺栓在不同建模方法、不同断裂数量下的仿真结果。基于经过校核的全弹模型,计算含能材料的应力场。结果 不同建模方法中,螺栓连接法的加速度峰值计算精度最高;不同工况之中,三部段工况下的螺栓断裂数量与实际一致,且加速度峰值计算精度最高。根据精度最高的仿真模型计算出的全弹应力响应,战斗部与发动机装药内部最大Von Mises应力均小于反应阈值。结论 螺栓连接的建模方法和断裂数量对于全弹位移、加速度的计算精度具有显著影响。采用螺栓连接法建模的三部段工况仿真模型最为可靠。基于可靠模型的含能材料应力场计算结果表明,全弹6 m水平跌落不会直接引起战斗部、发动机装药反应。     

海洋大气环境对封套防护材料性能影响

目的 探究铝塑型封套防护材料在湿热海洋大气自然环境贮存条件下性能衰退规律。方法 通过优化铺层结构,采用SiO_x蒸镀双向拉伸聚酯膜作为外增强层,PA6共挤EVOH双向拉伸膜作为内增强层制备新型封套防护材料。在海洋大气环境试验站库内、棚下2种贮存条件下开展贮存试验,跟踪测试水蒸气透过率、氧气透过率、剥离力、拉断力和表面电阻率等关键性能,建立时间-性能影响曲线,同时记录材料内部湿度曲线和内置的金属圆片的锈蚀状态,以此评价海洋大气环境对铝塑型封套防护材料性能影响趋势。结果 在经过180 d的贮存后,水蒸气透过率仍小于0.3 g/(cm²·24 h),自研的新型封套防护材料在库内和棚下贮存环境下的阻湿能力分别提高了29.8%和31.5%,且剥离力和拉断力未发生明显降低,表面电阻率处于10⁹～10¹¹?。结论 通过降低水分子与外增强层分子的相互作用,可有效提高封套防护材料的阻隔能力,验证了多级防潮理念的科学性。     

我国环境标准样品发展及应用

环境标准样品广泛应用于我国的环境监测活动中,为监测数据的一致性、可比性和准确性提供了重要的技术支撑。该文综述了环境标准样品发展及应用现状,根据国外环境标准样品体系分析了我国环境标准样品体系存在的问题,并对环境监测工作中环境标准样品应用问题提出了相关建议,为环境监测工作者认识和使用环境标准样品提供了指导。     

Effect of cement content and recycled rubber particle size on the performance of rubber-modified concrete

According to the Rubber Manufacturer’s Association, the United States generated 3664 thousand metric tons of scrap tires in 2015. While most waste tires are repurposed, approximately 409.5 thousand metric tons were disposed in landfills. This study investigates an alternative use of the waste tires as a replacement of natural aggregates in concrete mixtures. This study investigated fresh concrete properties and compressive strength. Different coarse and fine aggregate rubber particle sizes were evaluated: 19-mm tire chips (TCs) and 30-mesh crumb rubber (CR). TCs were used to replace coarse aggregates, while CR was used to replace fine aggregate in the concrete mixtures in increments of 10% by volume. Concrete strength loss was reduced with a fine aggregate replacement with CR as opposed to greater losses of strength exhibited by a coarse aggregate replacement with TCs. Adequate strengths were achieved at replacement levels as high as 40% by volume with CR, whereas satisfactory strengths were achieved with only a 10% replacement of coarse aggregates with TCs. Acceptable strengths were obtained from mixtures utilizing a combination of the two rubber sizes. Cement content was observed to have greater influence on rubberized concrete compressive strength at lower rubber contents than higher levels.     

饱和吸附2,4-二硝基甲苯后活性炭的电化学再生

以2,4-二硝基甲苯为吸附物,对吸附饱和的活性炭进行电化学再生,考察了再生时间、电流密度、体系pH、电解质NaCl质量浓度等对再生效果的影响。最佳的电化学再生工艺条件为电解质NaCl质量浓度15.0 g/L,电流密度20 mA/cm~2,体系pH为 5,再生时间2 h,在此条件下活性炭再生率可达102.57%。再生前后活性炭的微孔结构基本不变,微孔孔径分布于0.3～1.0 nm。再生后活性炭的比表面积增大,石墨化程度提高,表面含氧基团含量增加,总氧含量增加,碳含量有所下降。     

地表水中石油类红外法与紫外法测定结果的比对

进行了红外光度法与紫外分光光度法测定混合油样、闽江干流水样和内河水样中石油类的比对试验 ,试验表明 ,两法所测结果相差较大 ,以红外法所得结果较符合水体实际情况 ,提出了红外光度法测定时的注意事项     

Coupling a settlement growth model with an agro-economic land allocation model for securing ecosystem services provision

Mountain landscapes are undergoing rapid land-use changes. Settlement expansion, the intensification of agricultural land-use practices, and farmland abandonment result in a decline of natural and semi-natural habitats and the related ecosystem services (ES). In this context, spatial planning has emerged as a key instrument for the management of ES provision. To better understand trade-offs and interactions between settlement growth and ES provision in a spatially explicit manner, we present a new modeling framework coupling an agent-based, agro-economic optimization model and a cellular-automata-based settlement growth model. The framework is applied in an inner alpine valley in the Valais, Switzerland, which experienced rapid settlement growth in recent years. Results demonstrate how the model framework allows support of local planning processes. Particularly cooperation among municipalities and an explicit consideration of ES can inform spatially explicit ES trade-off decisions under increasing demand for land. We conclude that better informed spatial planning processes support ES provision.     

区域性应急物资储备级库间的协同选址模型研究

鉴于我国应急物资的多部门分散管理与分散储备的特点,研究了区域性应急物资储备体系构建中的应急物资储备级库协同选址问题。为了实现应急物资在不同级库间的协同储备管理与分散优化调拨,建立了应急物资储备级库选址的协同优化模型。用启发式算法通过MATLAB编程来实现,并用算例进行了验证。     

Dilo针刺无纺滤料生产线特性分析

通过与国内针刺生产设备的对比,对进口Dilo针刺技术的优势、设备构造、自动化性能,以及产品的指标参数等进行了阐述,认为采用先进生产设备不仅能够提高企业产品的产量和质量,而且对企业自身的发展有促进作用。     

振打扁形滤袋除尘器的创新及经济适用性

介绍了高效振打扁形滤袋除尘器的独有优势,并通过与现在广泛使用的脉冲反吹圆袋除尘器对比,指出振打扁形滤袋除尘器占地少、清灰和运行耗能低,各项技术经济指标先进。