中国原油的地球化学特征——兼论中国原油的有机与无机来源

中国大庆、辽河、大港、新疆等油区原油的地球化学组成显示以下特征 :含有地壳稀少而地球深部丰富的元素 ,如Re、In、Cd、Ag、Au等 ;含有生物质平均成分不见的元素 ,如Be、Ga、Zr、Nb、Sb、Te、Hf、Ta、W、Tl、Bi、Th等 ;含有较多的亲石元素 ,如Ca、Mg、K、Na、V、Li、Be、B、Ti、Cr、Mn、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Cs、Ba、Hf、Ta、W、Th、U等 ;原油的正烷烃结构具有奇偶优势与不显奇偶优势的特征 ,不显奇偶优势的原油沿基底断裂分布。地球化学特征是矿产资源形成途径的示踪标志。中国原油中含有生物质中不见的元素 ,说明原油可能有来自非生物成因的油源 ;含有地壳稀少而地球深部丰富的元素 ,说明原油可能有来自地球深部成因的油源 ;含有较多的亲石元素 ,说明原油可能不是从生油岩中排出的 ,而是从非岩石结构的地球深部流体中分异后聚集在岩石结构的孔隙中而形成油层的。原油的正烷烃结构显示的奇偶优势被认为系生物成因的油源 ,而不显奇偶优势被认为是甲烷石油 (即来自地球深部的无机成因油源 ) ,不显奇偶优势的油样均沿基底断裂分布 ,正旁证了地球深部来源的可能性。     

氯化汞、氯化甲基汞对大鼠肾近曲小管细胞损伤机理的研究

研究了HgCl_2和CH_3HgCl对大鼠游离肾近曲小管细胞的毒性作用及其机理.结果显示,HgCl_2和CH_3HgCl均对肾细胞有明显毒性,表现为细胞内乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和溶酶体β-葡糖苷酸酶(β-GD)漏出增加,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和蛋白巯基(PSH)含量降低,同时GSH和PSH含量的降低与LDH及β-GD漏出之间呈良好的相关关系.未观察到CH_3HgCl明显诱发肾细胞脂质过氧化作用,HgCl_2仅在50μmol/L以上才出现轻度脂质过氧化效应.     

炭材料强化污泥电脱水效果及同步燃料化处理

为研究炭材料调理对污泥电脱水性能及泥饼可燃性的影响,使用改性前后的活性炭和石墨对污泥进行预调理,对调理后的污泥进行电脱水实验,深入解析了炭材料调理前后污泥电脱水行为及泥饼可燃性的变化.研究表明：经炭材料调理后的污泥,阴极电脱水速率提升,相较于其他3种炭材料,石墨调理后的阴极电脱水速率提升最为明显,石墨的投加量5% TSS时,阴极平均脱水速率从0.074g/L上升到0.095g/L.炭材料可以提高污泥体系的电导性和污泥絮体的电泳淌度,使得阴极泥饼孔容有上升的趋势,阴极泥饼孔容从未投加炭材料时的0.1147cm³/g增加到AC-0、AC-1、AC-5、石墨的投加量为20% TSS时的0.119、0.122、0.146、0.157cm³/g;此外,炭材料加入后阴阳两极滤液中溶解有机物DOM和蛋白质组分浓度降低,可以缓解滤布堵塞;污泥电脱水过程中经炭材料调理后可以降低脱离每单位水所需要的能耗,未投加炭材料时去除每单位水所需能耗为6.75kW·h/kg_去除水,而当AC-0、AC-1、AC-5、石墨的投加量为20% TSS时,能耗分别降低到5.64、5.22、5.20、5.11kW·h/kg_去除水,且泥饼含水率从未投加炭材料时的58%降低至45%,固炭量增加,提高了泥饼的热值和可持续燃烧时间,当石墨的投加量为20% g/gTSS时,泥饼热值提高了17%.有利于后续焚烧资源化利用.     

碳纤维增强复合材料的中低应变率力学性能试验研究

目的研究碳纤维增强复合材料的中低应变率力学性能。方法利用电子万能试验机和高速液压伺服材料试验机对[(±45°)]4s和[(±45°)]8两种铺层碳纤维增强复合材料进行常温下准静态和中低应变率力学性能试验,得到不同应变率下的应力应变曲线和失效参数。结果在应变率6.7×10-4~500 s-1范围内,两种铺层材料均具有明显的应变率强化效应,材料失效应力随应变率的提高而增大。两种铺层材料均发生纤维断裂失效和局部的分层失效,但[(±45°)]4s铺层发生燕尾形失效,[(±45°)]8铺层发生剪切失效。结论获得了碳纤维增强复合材料在不同应变率下的力学性能参数,可为复合材料飞机结构的抗冲击设计和仿真分析提供准确的材料参数。     

Alkynyl carbon materials as novel and efficient sorbents for the adsorption of mercury(Ⅱ) from wastewater

For the first time, a series of alkynyl carbon materials(ACMs) were prepared via the mechanochemical reaction of CaC_2 with six polyhalogenated precursors, namely CCl_4,C_2Cl_6, C_2Cl_4, C_6Cl_6, C_6Br_6, and C_(14)H_4Br_(10)(ACM-1, ACM-2, ACM-3, ACM-4, ACM-5, and ACM-6,respectively) and used for the adsorptive removal of mercury from aqueous solutions.Based on preliminary investigations, the adsorption of mercury on ACM-5 was studied in depth. Specifically, the effect of p H on mercury adsorptivity, adsorption kinetics,thermodynamics, isotherms, and recyclability was studied. The adsorptivity of mercury on ACMs was found to be closely related to the hydrocarbon precursor, specific surface area of sorbent, and the alkynyl content. ACM-5 showed the best performance and is among the best raw carbonaceous sorbents reported so far, with a Langmuir saturated adsorption capacity of 191.9 mg g~(-1). The promising mercury adsorption performance mainly arises from the strong Lewis soft acid–soft base interactions between the alkynyl groups and mercury ions. The adsorption isotherms could be satisfactorily correlated with the Langmuir equation. The results show that the ACMs can be used as efficient sorbents for the removal of mercury and may also be useful for the adsorption of other heavy metals.     

防静电、防射频阻隔材料的研制

介绍了研制引信，火工品等多功能软包装材料的重要意义和总体方案设计，讨论了实现的静电、防射频和防潮等功能的设计思想，进行了试验验证并测试了样品的主要性能参数，讨论了该技术方案的可行性和应用前景。     

An Overview on the Mechanical Behaviour of Biodegradable Agricultural Films

The mechanical behavior of various types of biodegradable materials depends, mainly, on their chemical composition and the application conditions. Various additives are added into the bioblends to improve their properties, which sometimes even reach the levels of the conventional plastics. It is well known that the environmental conditions during production, storage, and usage of these materials influence their mechanical properties. Ageing during the useful lifetime also causes great losses in the elongation. In the present paper, the overall mechanical behavior of biodegradable films, which may be considered suitable for agricultural applications, but also of partially biodegradable films, is reviewed and analyzed. Selected critical mechanical properties of films before their exposure to biodegradation are investigated and compared against those of conventional agricultural films.     

左手材料在武器装备系统中的应用

论述了左手材料的奇异电磁特性以及各奇异电磁特性的潜在应用,分析了目前LHM在武器装备系统中的典型应用及其目前的发展现状,并对典型应用中的具体实例进行了详细分析,指出了左手材料在未来武器装备系统中的发展潜力及其重要意义。     

垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞及其运行效果影响研究

在净化猪场沼液中开展了垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞过程及其运行效能变化的研究.结果表明,人工湿地堵塞的主要成因是由于填料层中不可滤过性物质的积累所致.不可滤过性物质是由有机物和无机物组成,且大部分不可滤过性物质的粒径均超过5.00 μm.填料层的孔隙率和水力传导系数均随系统运行时间的延长而减小,而填料层中被截留物质的含量则随系统运行时间的延长而增大,其空间变化特征均受到了系统中水力流态的影响;当系统HLR为0.02m3/(m2·d)时,VSSF在运行1380d后对猪场沼液的净化开始恶化,系统对COD、TSS、TN、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别降至37.31%、57.82%、20.80%、32.13%和51.18%.     

Review on research and application of mesoporous transitional metal oxides in water treatment

This paper reviews the application of meso- porous transitional metal oxides in water treatment on basis of the catalysis and adsorption. Mesoporous transitional metal oxides are characterized by their intrinsic features, such as a high surface area, a highly ordered array of unidimensional pores with a very narrow pore size distribution, and highly dispersed active sites. Finally, the suggestions of further study on application are proposed.