土壤中多氯联苯简化计算定量方法研究

针对含有两种或两种以上Aroclor多氯联苯混合物的样品,研究其简便易行的定性、定量方法。将复杂样品中的多氯联苯分别折算成Aroclor 1016、1242、1260含量,在定性的同时予以定量。3种不同组分混合样品的加标回收率分别为68.2%～80.6%、67.9%～74.2%、67.1%～76.8%,实际土壤样品的测定结果与已有研究结果相吻合。方法缺点为无法识别和计算各Aroclor之间的准确比例,可用于应急监测复杂组分样品中多氯联苯的测定。     

室内氨气污染的净化试验研究

近几年 ,由于建筑施工使用含氨的添加剂和使用室内装饰材料 ,造成现代建筑物室内氨气 (NH3)污染问题 ,严重影响了人们的工作和生活。本研究采用改性的吸附材料 ,在管道系统和封闭空间两种不同工况条件下 ,对以改性吸附剂做吸附材料的氨气净化装置进行净化性能的评价 ,为室内氨气污染的净化治理提供了新的思路。     

牡蛎中多环芳烃(PAHs)标准物质的研制

介绍了牡蛎中多环芳烃标准物质的研究、制备方法 ,进行了均匀性检验、稳定性检验 ,统计计算了检验结果 ,基本确定主要参数。检验结果表明 ,研制的牡蛎中难降解有机物标准物质均匀 ,在一年保存期间内稳定 ,可用于海洋环境监测中     

厦门西海域拟疏浚物中多氯联苯含量分布及生态风险评价

对厦门西海域拟疏浚物中的PCBs含量及分布特征进行了调查,结果表明,厦门西海域拟疏浚物中PCBs为0．17ng／g-30．3ng／g,其中马銮湾2个站位PCBs的总含量高于《海洋沉积物质量》（GB18668—2002）一类标准值。生态风险评价结果显示厦门西海域拟疏浚物中多氯联苯的环境毒性相对较低。     

F108氟橡胶湿热老化影响双因素方差分析

目的 研究湿热因素对F108氟橡胶老化的影响.方法 采用χ2检验的方法 ,对氟橡胶圆柱形试样的初始高度进行假设检验,推断F108氟橡胶材料压缩永久变形服从正态分布.采用方差分析的方法 ,结合湿热老化试验数据,对F108氟橡胶湿热老化不同时间的压缩永久变形进行湿热双因素方差分析.结果 在开始阶段(即老化1 d后),温度和...     

常温催化抗菌研究现状及展望

病原微生物所引发的传染性疾病严重威胁人类健康和生命。传统抗菌技术通常需要外加光、热等能量,如紫外线、光催化、微波等,实际应用受限。常温催化作为一种新型抗菌技术,能够在常温条件下发生催化氧化反应,产生强氧化性的活性氧物种而起杀菌作用。因此,常温催化技术在抗菌领域具有应用优势,综述其抗菌研究现状对于系统性认知常温催化抗菌具有指导意义。本文阐述了常温催化抗菌材料及其活性氧物种产生过程,介绍了常温催化抗菌性能的评价方法,讨论了常温催化抗菌的作用机制,重点分析了常温催化抗菌性能的影响因素。此外,基于国内外常温催化的抗菌研究现状,指出了常温催化抗菌研究存在的问题及未来发展趋势。     

A critical review of hydrological data collection for assessing preservation risk for urban waterlogged archaeology: A case study from the City of York, UK

Environmental change caused by urban development, possibly augmented by climate change, may result in accelerated decay of in situ archaeological resources. Damage may be related to changes in hydrological processes. Such archaeological resources have to be considered in environmental planning. In this paper we highlight the need for improved hydrological data from urban archaeological sites using the case study of the City of York, UK, arguably one of the most well studied and well preserved urban archaeological environments globally. We suggest that the quality of hydrological data collected during routine surveys and experimental work must be improved and standardised in order for us to produce reliable archaeological risk models for urban sites.     

室内不同条件与甲醛TVOC污染关系分析

文章通过对255个调查监测数据的分析,初步探讨不同环境条件(温度和湿度),装修时间以及装修条件(家具类型、地面材料、墙面材料和顶面材料)对室内空气中甲醛、TVOC浓度的影响,得出在高温湿度大的情况下,甲醛释放量明显增大。要减少室内空气的污染,须注意各种装饰材料的合理搭配,充分考虑房屋空间承载量和室内通风量,并尽可能延长入住或办公时间。     

基于元胞自动机恐慌状态下人群疏散模型研究

为了研究恐慌情绪对疏散中人群行为的影响，结合决策理论和情绪感染相关理论，同时考虑恐慌情绪对行人决策的影响和恐慌情绪本身的动力学特性，如情绪感染和衰减等，采用元胞自动机方法，建立基于场域模型的恐慌状态下行人决策修正模型，采用该模型研究恐慌情绪对人群疏散行为的作用规律。研究发现:当处于优势疏散位置的行人，由于恐慌做出非理性决策，不仅降低了自身的疏散效率，而且会占据其他行人的最优疏散路径，因此导致整体疏散效率的下降；随着恐慌情绪阈值增加，同一时刻的恐慌人数减小，疏散时间减小，且存在某一临界值，使疏散时间最短；情绪自衰减速率是影响恐慌情绪的关键因素，且存在决定恐慌情绪的蔓延或者衰减的临界值；行人的恐慌程度随着行人密度的增加而增加，因为人群规模较大时，恐慌情绪的感染次数增加，并在人群中得到反复加强，从而使人均恐慌值增加。     

Risks and benefits of compost-like materials prepared by the thermal treatment of raw scallop hepatopancreas for supplying cadmium and the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Scallop hepatopancreas, fishery waste, contains relatively high levels of Cd and organic nitrogen compounds, the latter of which represent a fertilizer. In this study, raw scallop hepatopancreas tissue was thermally treated with sawdust and red loam in the presence of an iron catalyst to produce compost-like materials (CLMs). Two CLM samples were prepared by varying the content of raw scallop hepatopancreas tissue: 46 wt.% for CLM-1 and 18 wt.% for CLM-2. Mixtures of control soil (CTL) and CLMs (CLM content: 10 and 25 wt.%) were examined for the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to evaluate the risks and benefits of using this material for fertilization. The Cd content in shoots and roots of alfalfa, that were grown in the presence of CLMs, was significantly higher than those for the plants grown in the CTL, indicating that Cd had accumulated in the plants from CLMs. The accumulation of Cd in the alfalfa roots was quite high in the case of the 25% CLM-1 sample. However, alfalfa growth was significantly promoted in the presence of 10% CLM-1. This can be attributed to the higher levels of nitrogen and humic substances, which serve as fertilizer components. Although the fertilization effect in case of CLM-1showed a potential benefit, the accumulation of Cd in alfalfa was clearly increased in the presence of both CLMs. In conclusion, the use of CLMs produced from raw scallop hepatopancreas tissue can be considered to have a desirable benefit from standpoint of its use as fertilizer, but is accompanied by a risk of the accumulation of Cd in alfalfa plants.