Experimental and numerical methodology for the analysis of fireproofing materials

In this study, a methodology for the assessment of fireproofing materials performance is presented. The methodology is based on a combined experimental and numerical approach. A modified version of the ASTM E162 standard fire test was used to expose specimens of steel board protected with different types of fireproofing materials to a steady radiation source. The temperature of the steel board was recorded with an infrared camera in order to evaluate the heat up due to the fire and characterize the protective performance. Experimental results were used to validate a simplified mono-dimensional model which allowed simulating more severe conditions and different protection configurations. A specific key performance indicator (KPI) was used for the quantitative assessment of fireproofing effectiveness. Finally, the professional career of Menso Molag, safety pioneer in the framework of hazardous materials transportation, was outlined.     

高梯度磁分离技术在水处理中的应用及发展

高梯度磁分离技术是一种新型的水处理技术,目前已经得到了大量应用,具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了它的基本原理,综述了该技术在水处理中的应用现状,并做出了展望。     

汽车内饰材料老化试验研究

本文介绍了汽车内饰材料常见的老化试验方法:人工加速老化试验、IP/DP箱暴晒和整车暴晒,分别讨论三种试验方法涉及的规范以及操作性.人工加速老化试验能快速掌握汽车内饰材料老化性能,缩短材料研发周期;IP/DP箱和整车对内饰件或其装配件进行的老化试验降低内饰材料加工工艺存在的风险,确保了内饰材料质量.整车暴晒收集的数据为人...     

复杂建筑结构人员疏散的元胞自动机模拟研究

为研究复杂建筑结构下人员疏散特征,依据元胞自动机理论建立了多障碍物多出口条件下的疏散模型。该模型结合"静态场+动态场"理论能反映真实场景中的人员疏散过程。利用该模型分别对教室内不同人员密度和不同人员初始分布的疏散过程进行模拟,并重点分析走廊宽度、出口宽度和出口间距对人员疏散效率的影响。研究结果表明:人员疏散时间随着人员密度的增加而增加;并且合理的人员分布可提高出口的利用率及疏散效率。此外,人员疏散时间随走廊宽度的增加呈指数衰减趋势,房间的出口间距较出口宽度对疏散时间的影响更为显著。     

Anisotropic behavior of energetic materials at elevated pressure and temperature

First principles and molecular dynamics methods where used to study energetic materials (EM) of varying sensitivity, particularly nitromethane (NM) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Molecular and electronic structure, as well as anisotropic elastic properties, variation of charge distributions, and stress-strain behavior of these three materials were investigated. Information obtained from different levels of theory is useful to reveal and assess the anisotropic sensitivity of the studied systems. For NM, we observe a crystallographic phase transformation and a drastic change in its mechanical behavior. PETN is observed to be mechanically stable within the studied pressure range, with a marked anisotropic behavior when compressed at elevated temperatures.     

LNG as a potential alternative fuel - Safety and security of storage facilities

The aim of this article is to summarize the safety and security aspects of storing of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a potential alternative fuel. The contribution deals with possible scenarios of accidents associated with LNG storage facilities and with a methodology for the assessment of vulnerability of such facilities. The protection of LNG storage facilities as element of critical infrastructure should also be a matter of interest to the state. The study presents the results of determination of hazardous zones around LNG facilities in the event of various sorts of release. For calculations, the programs ALOHA, EFFECTS and TerEx were used and results obtained were compared. Scenarios modelled within this study represent a possible approach to the preliminary assessment of risk that should be verified by more detailed modelling (CFD). These scenarios can also be used for a quick estimation of areas endangered by an incident or accident. The results of modelling of the hazardous zones contribute to a reduction in risk of major accidents associated with these potential alternative energy sources.     

基于改进VRP模型的危险品配送路径优化及其求解研究

危险品道路运输高风险性,一直受到人们的广泛关注。危险品道路运输路径优化的研究,对于降低运输风险具有十分重要的意义。本文针对危险品运输配送过程中的路径优化问题,提出综合考虑道路运输的风险和费用两方面指标改进VRP模型路径优化目标,并设计遗传算法对改进模型进行了求解。最后通过实例进行了验证。结果表明：用遗传算法对改进VRP模型的求解结果与实际分析结果相符。因此,改进VRP模型及其遗传算法求解设计可以应用于危险品运输的路径优化分析。     

有机物料对紫色土微生物量碳、氮及氮素供应的影响

以猪粪沼渣(PM)、牛粪沼渣(CM)、污泥堆肥(SC)、农村生活垃圾堆肥(RWC1)、农村生活垃圾与污泥的堆肥产物(污泥比例20%,RWC2)为材料,采用培养试验和盆栽试验研究了有机物料对酸性紫色土和石灰性紫色土中微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)含量及玉米幼苗氮吸收的影响.结果表明,有机物料使酸性和石灰性紫色土MBC含量分别提高了53. 63%～102. 91%和12. 14%～137. 00%,有机物料分解愈慢、碳氮比(C/N)愈高,土壤MBC愈大;而MBN含量分别提高了23. 37%～150. 08%和35. 02%～160. 02%,受物料的有机氮形态影响.两种土壤MBC/MBN随物料C/N的升高总体降低,高C/N物料有利于MBN的长期维持.除牛粪沼渣外,有机物料均可提高两种紫色土中玉米幼苗的生物量及氮吸收量,提高幅度为SC PM RWC2 RWC1,但其对氮素吸收的促进效果不及化肥.牛粪沼渣对玉米幼苗氮吸收的抑制作用与其较高的C/N有关,而其余物料的促进作用随MBC/MBN降低而增高.因此,有机物料对氮素吸收利用的影响不仅与其性质有关,也与其对土壤MBC/MBN的作用有关.     

膜吸收技术捕获CO2研究进展

传统的填料塔工艺有成熟和大规模应用的优势,但也存在诸多问题,膜吸收技术捕获CO2因其自身优势是一个值得关注的研究方向.简述了CO2捕获的主要技术路线,介绍了膜技术分离CO2的特点、优势,并详细介绍了膜吸收技术的最新研究进展,提出膜吸收技术当前需要解决的问题主要有膜的润湿性长期稳定性、溶剂的挥发性、膜和吸收剂的兼容性、SO2和O2等杂质的去除、膜的成本及经济性分析比较等.