膜吸收技术捕获CO2研究进展

传统的填料塔工艺有成熟和大规模应用的优势,但也存在诸多问题,膜吸收技术捕获CO2因其自身优势是一个值得关注的研究方向.简述了CO2捕获的主要技术路线,介绍了膜技术分离CO2的特点、优势,并详细介绍了膜吸收技术的最新研究进展,提出膜吸收技术当前需要解决的问题主要有膜的润湿性长期稳定性、溶剂的挥发性、膜和吸收剂的兼容性、SO2和O2等杂质的去除、膜的成本及经济性分析比较等.     

Simulation of urban expansion patterns by integrating auto-logistic regression,Markov chain and cellular automata models

This research analyses urban expansion patterns and their eco-risks in the Poyang Lake region in China. A hybrid model consisting of auto-logistic regression, Markov chain and cellular automata (CA) is designed to improve the performance of the standard logistic regression model. An eco-risk assessment (ERA) index by integrating landscape fragmentation index and area weighted eco-service value index is established to promote the effectiveness for dynamically evaluating the environment and eco-security in watersheds. Scenario predictions are introduced to better understand the relationship between urban dynamics and their eco-risks. Three urban development scenarios such as historical development trend (HDT), environment protection priority (EPP) and goal-oriented restriction (GOR) are designed and transplanted into the CA model through the parameter self-modification method. The quantitative analysis results showed that in the period of the past five years, the urban growth primarily concentrated in the metropolitans. The simulations show that under the HDT scenario the urban growth will mainly emerge in the metropolitans, while under the EPP and GOR scenarios the urban growth will expand along with the metropolitans or the road networks and highways, respectively. Moreover, the ERA demonstrated that the GOR scenario was more effective in meeting the goal of environment protection and urban sustainable development for the study area.     

Immobilization of lead in anthropogenic contaminated soils using phosphates with/without oxalic acid

Understanding the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on the immobilization of Pb(II) in contaminated soils by phosphate materials, has considerable benefits for risk assessment and remediation strategies for the soil. A series of phosphate amendments with/without oxalic acid were applied to two anthropogenic contaminated soils. We investigated the immobilization of Pb(II) by KH₂PO₄, phosphate rock (PR), activated phosphate rock (APR) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) at different phosphate:Pb (P:Pb) molar ratios (0, 0.6, 2.0 and 4.0) in the presence/absence of 50 mmol oxalic acid/kg soil, respectively. The effects of treatments were evaluated using single extraction with deionized water or CaCl₂, Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) methods. Our results showed that the concentration of water extractable, exchangeable and TCLP-Pb all decreased with incubation time. The concentration of water-extractable Pb after 120 days was reduced by 100% when soils were amended with APR, HAP and HAP + OA, and the TCLP-Pb was <5 mg/L for the red soil at P:Pb molar ratio 4.0. Water-soluble Pb could not be detected and the TCLP-Pb was <5 mg/L at all treatments applied to the yellow-brown soil. BCR results indicated that APR was most effective, although a slight enhancement of water-soluble phosphate was detected at the P:Pb molar ratio 4.0 at the beginning of incubation. Oxalic acid activated phosphates, and so mixing insoluble phosphates with oxalic acid may be a useful strategy to improve their effectiveness in reducing Pb bioavailability.     

电-Fenton法处理水体中有机污染物的研究现状与进展

电-Fenton法是一项新兴的废水处理技术,在水处理中的应用受到了越来越多的关注。综述了电-Fenton法的基本原理、基本类型、基本特点,以及对水体中的农药、染料、PPCPs、工业污染物等难降解有机污染物的去除应用的现状,同时也指出了该法的一些优点和目前的不足,提出电-Fenton法今后的发展趋势。     

含铬废水吸附材料改性技术探讨

吸附法在含铬废水处理方面占据重要地位,其关键在于吸附材料的性能。天然吸附材料种类繁多,但大多数材料吸附能力弱、容量小、速度慢,需要进行改性处理。为了增加对改性技术的认识,对铬吸附材料的改性技术进行了系统分析和比较,明确了热改性、无机改性、有机改性和负载改性技术的研究进展与应用状况。     

超高温烟气过滤除尘的研究进展

指出了过滤除尘在超高温除尘方面的优势。总结了近期在超高温烟气过滤过程中的过滤机理研究进展,列举了从300～900℃温度范围内应用的各种滤材,描述了各类滤材的优缺点。     

EG填充无卤阻燃型LDPE复合薄膜阻燃性能研究

为了改善聚合物低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)薄膜的阻燃性能,通过向其中添加膨胀型阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP)/季戊四醇(PER)和可膨胀石墨(EG),制备了无卤阻燃型低密度聚乙烯复合薄膜.实验研究了膨胀阻燃剂填充聚合物LDPE作为阻燃复合薄膜的性能,分析了膨胀阻燃剂的加入对复合膜阻燃性能、残重率和力学性能的影响机理.研究发现,该新型配方中的EG和APP/PER对复合薄膜的阻燃性能具有协同作用,当配方中APP/PER/EG的填充量达到30%质量分数(APP∶PER∶EG∶LDPE质量比16∶8∶6∶100)时,薄膜材料的氧指数可达到27.5%;与纯LDPE薄膜相比,阻燃薄膜的氧指数提高了10.3%,改善了阻燃效果.     

一种纳米级不定形碳对水中四环素的吸附研究

研究了一种新型纳米级不定形碳对水中四环素的吸附作用.结果表明,在Li-Na-K碳酸盐的共熔体系中生成的碳粉对四环素表现出了良好的吸附性能.在298K下,碳粉对四环素的吸附行为更符合拟二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线,最大吸附容量达到127.76 mg·g-1.热力学计算结果表明,吸附过程是吸热的、自发的,以化学吸附为主.吸附行为表现出明显的p H依赖性,当溶液的起始p H在2~11,p H为4时碳粉对四环素的吸附量最大.溶液中的阳离子对吸附有一定的影响,但影响不大,随着阳离子浓度的增加,吸附量在一定程度上逐渐减小.离子交换作用可能是吸附的原理之一,还可能同时存在静电引力、氢键等作用.分别使用0.25 mol·L-1的Ca Cl2和Na Cl溶液进行解吸实验,解吸效率在7.42%~25%,解吸效率较低,说明吸附的化学作用较强.     

Characterization of municipal solid waste temporary storage sites: Risks posed to surrounding areas as a consequence of fire incidents

In this study temporary storage sites of municipal solid waste were characterized based on their potential social, health and environmental impacts as a consequence of spontaneous fires, by employing Boolean as well as weighted-linear-combination approaches in connection with various fuzzy set functions of population density around the storage sites. Sweden was used as the case study and data from 105 storage sites were analysed; of these, 38 were identified to be posing high risk for downwind residing population. Furthermore, during the past 10 years, the fire frequency and the average population residing within a radius of 1, 2, and 3 km were found to be comparatively higher for storage sites owned by private companies than for those owned by municipalities. The study provided first-cut information of poorly sited temporary storage sites and can help in formalizing the comprehensive risk analysis in the future.     

中国液态生物质燃料的潜力测算

中国液态生物质燃料潜力测算为下一步开发提供依据.该文对我国发展液态生物质燃料原料的分布进行整合,从宜能荒地测算、高浓度酒精降度模拟和餐饮地沟油估算等方面,对生产燃料乙醇和生物柴油的原料潜力进行梳理.利用覆盖甜高粱、木薯、甘薯、食用酒精、麻疯树、黄连木和餐饮地沟油等原料来源的数据,测算了我国液态生物质燃料的潜力产量,发现:到2030年,我国燃料乙醇生产潜力将达到5 500万t左右,生物柴油生产潜力将达到3 200万t左右,将能有效保证我国经济增长对能源的需求和缓解化石能源对外依存度过离的能源安全威胁.同时,应该在生物质燃料产业化的关键技术研究上寻求突破,并配套以政府部门的补贴政策,提升我国生物质燃料产业化初期的综合实力.