从政企合作看中国企业环境监督员制度的完善

日益严峻的环境问题要求我国政府继续保持强大的环境管制压力.同时,充分调动企业自主环境管理的积极性也成为“十二五”期间管理性减排的核心任务之一.认真研究企业环境管理制度设计的方向和目标,实现政企环境合作已经成为当前环境管理制度创新的基本要求.现行企业环境监督员制度是我国借鉴日本经验试行的一项旨在提倡政企合作的环境政策工具.我国目前企业环境管理总体趋势是背向自组织环境管理的,强化面向企业内部环境管理的直接管制应当是当前和今后一段时间的总体趋势.由于我国企业自主环境管理面临着外部约束力不够、内部动力不足的困境,现行政企合作的制度目标应当直接定位为政府环境管制工具.基于这一定位,环境监督的对象企业应当由污染物息量和种类标准转为达标排放标准;职责范围应当根据企业规模进行差别设计,规模以上企业以推进政企环境信息沟通为主,中小企业应强化其监督功能,另设企业环境管理人员履行执行功能.     

锡冶炼含砷烟尘低温陶瓷固化技术

以锡冶炼过程中排放的含砷烟尘为研究对象,对浸出特性和低温陶瓷胶凝材料对其的固化效果进行了研究。结果表明,含砷烟尘As、Cu和Zn毒性浸出浓度分别为6 783、167和224 mg/L,严重超过国家毒性浸出鉴别标准值。其经低温陶瓷胶凝材料固化处理,当含砷烟尘掺量小于40%,自然养护3 d,As、Cu和Zn毒性浸出浓度急剧降低,且低于国家标准值。XRD和SEM分析表明,低温陶瓷胶凝材料在复合化学激发剂作用下,反应生成类沸石水化铝硅酸盐矿物(Al-O-Si);固化体中Ca-Fe-As-O盐是As固化的主要矿物相。Cu2+、Zn2+替换铝硅酸盐聚合物结构中的Na+、K+保持平衡电荷。胶凝材料水化产物填充于材料颗粒间,使其连接成一致密整体,有效降低了有害物质的毒性浸出浓度。     

Towards urban food sovereignty: the trials and tribulations of community-based aquaponics enterprises in Milwaukee and Melbourne

Community-based urban aquaponics enterprises represent a new model for how to blend local agency with scientific innovation to deliver food sovereignty (FS) in cities, re-engaging and giving urban communities more control over their food production and distribution. Little is known, however, about the factors and outcomes that determine the success or failure of these enterprises. This paper explores stakeholder experiences of building community-based urban aquaponics enterprises to understand the internal and external factors that impact on their success or failure. We draw upon existing FS, social enterprise and aquaponics literature, to identify factors in the related area of community-based urban agriculture. For exploring these factors, we use a comparative case study methodology for two cases in Milwaukee and Melbourne, conducting in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, exploring their relative contexts, objectives and structure. Based on these findings, we highlight the challenges and suggest relevant indicators for establishing an urban aquaponics enterprise.     

水泥厂氨排放标准存在的问题及氨排放控制

为控制水泥脱硝工程产生的氨排放问题,中国发布《水泥工业大气污染物排放标准》(GB 4915—2013)对水泥企业氨排放限值提出明确要求。但水泥脱硝设施同步配套的氨在线检测仪记录数据表明,多数水泥厂脱硝后的氨排放浓度远超过标准限值。为此,对照火电厂相关标准和技术规范,指出了水泥工业氨排放标准和技术规范文件中存在的问题。结合实际检测数据和国外相关文献,确认水泥工业存在"本底氨"排放,水泥原料、协同处理废弃物、生产工况变化是导致本底氨排放的主要原因。选择性非催化还原(SNCR)脱硝设施产生的氨逃逸将增加氨排放浓度,反应温度窗口、停留时间、氨/氮摩尔比(NSR)、喷射方案等均会影响氨逃逸浓度。优化水泥生产工艺、SNCR脱硝工艺或配套选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝系统等方式可有效控制水泥厂本底氨及氨逃逸。     

环境税的企业绿色投资效应研究——基于面板分位数回归的实证研究

企业绿色投资有助于我国企业建立良好的社会声誉,实现企业的可持续发展。本文试图从环境税的角度,探讨环境税对企业绿色投资的边际效应是正向还是负向?环境税对企业绿色投资效应是否具有异质性?本文运用我国重污染行业上市公司的2008-2013年的经验数据,用分位数回归的研究方法对环境税的企业绿色投资效应进行了研究。分位数回归方法相比普通最小二乘法回归,分位数能够更全面的描述自变量对于因变量的变化范围以及条件分布形状的影响;分位数回归方法与最小二乘法使用残差平方和为最小化的目标函数相比,不易受到极端值的影响,估计结果更为稳健。研究发现:环境税对企业绿色投资的边际效应为正向并具有异质性,表现在:1从平衡面板的固定效应模型估计结果来看,环境税对企业绿色投资投资额的影响是正向的,换句话说,在其他因素不变的情况下,随着环境税额的不断提高,企业绿色投资额也会随之提高;2从面板分位数回归的估计结果来看,环境税对企业绿色投资的边际效应为正向并具有异质性,即低分位企业的环境税绿色投资效应为正,但并不显著;高分位企业的环境税绿色投资效应为正,但呈递减趋势;中间分位企业的环境税绿色投资效应为正,并呈递增趋势。本文研究结果的启示是:1环境税的出台具有积极的意义;2环境税的相关法律制定要注意因企业制宜,考虑企业承担能力的同时兼顾效率和公平。本文研究结果为环境税的出台提供了证据支持、为完善环境税的设计提供了经验证据。     

Decision-making for sustainable location of a cement plant in the state of Florida

Site selection is a typical strategic decision for many industries that deals with specifying the most appropriate location for a facility. In the context of sustainable development, site selection decisions need to be improved by adopting environmental, economic and social requirements. This study aims to frame sustainable location decisions by conducting a case study of siting a new cement plant in the state of Florida. As a part of the study, a wide range of technical and sustainability criteria has developed. These criteria can help decision-makers in the cement industry evaluate the selection of a location with the requirements of sustainable development. The sustainability characteristics of alternative sites in the state of Florida are evaluated based on the criteria to identify the most appropriate ones. The analytical hierarchy processand geographic information system techniques are utilized to weight the criteria and evaluate the characteristics of site candidates.     

发电企业技术监督工作要点解析

为了适应大量新技术应用,加强技术监督工作,搞好安全生产,国电集团公司下发系列技术监督规章制度,对各发电企业的技术监督工作进行了准确定位,提出了许多具体要求。根据参与制定国电集团公司系列技术监督规章制度的讨论、研究以及从事多年的综合技术监督管理经验,介绍了国电集团公司所属发电企业搞好技术监督工作要点,对发电企业搞好技术监督工作提供了参考。     

建立环境管理体系与中小企业可持续发展

分析我国中小企业在当前国际市场环境下建立ISO1 4 0 0 1管理体系的必要性 ;提出中小企业建立环境管理体系的步骤 ;阐述了实施环境管理体系与中小企业可持续发展的关系 ;为中小企业进行环境管理体系建立实施提供参考。     

VOCs快速检测在某化工企业搬迁遗留污染场地调查中的应用

以天津市某化工企业搬迁遗留污染场地为例,采用VOCs快速检测法辅助现场钻孔取样,以初步判断土壤污染深度,同时将现场样品送实验室检测。试验表明,VOCs快速检测法与实验室检测法结果基本一致。将452个样品测定结果做比对,结果表明实验室检测数据VOCs加和值与快速检测法现场检测数据存在显著相关,R2为0.803 7。污染物主要集中于场地5 m~9 m的粉土层中。其中,13种VOCs检出,4种VOCs超过《场地土壤环境风险评价筛选值》(DB11/T 811—2011)商业用地筛选值。     

How can social enterprises contribute to sustainable pro-poor tourism development?

“Tourism-Assisting the Poor” has been an important approach in anti-poverty strategy. Studies suggest that the conventional tourism model fails to generate benefits for the poor and to some extent enlarges the gap between the poor and the rich, which subsequently causes more social problems. Pro-poor tourism (PPT) is regarded as an alternative model. Precisely targeted assistance to the poor is the key to initiating this model, while the institutional change and implementation mechanism are essential to run it successfully and sustainably. Social entrepreneurship focusing on social values while adopting modern business philosophy has been introduced recently as an instrument in helping disadvantage population. This paper takes the Smangus community in Taiwan as an example to explore the role of social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in PPT development. It also discusses their implications for the anti-poverty practice in other regions including ethnic areas in China.