化工生产企业节水潜力研究

通过对某化工企业的用水现状进行调查,分析了各部门的用水水平,从工业用水重复利用率、间接冷却用水循环浓缩倍率、污水回用、生活用水等方面对其节水潜力进行了定量计算。结果表明,以工业用水重复利用率、间接冷却用水循环浓缩倍率、污水回用、生活用水等得到的节水潜力分别为722．45万m^3／a、261．99万m^3／a、328．61万m^3／a、50．91～84．84万m^3／a。同时提出了挖掘节水潜力应采取的管理和技术保障措施。     

浅析纺织生产企业的清洁生产措施

参照《中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准——清洁生产标准·纺织业（棉印染）》标准中的相关内容,分析了3家纺织生产企业2008年实施清洁生产审核过程中的节约能源方案,总结了纺织企业实施清洁生产的主要节能措施,从而为纺织行业实行清洁生产提供可参考的工程实践。     

钢铁企业清洁生产促进节能减排的实践

通过优化和调整产业结构、实施清洁生产方案,建设节能环保的企业,是钢铁企业生存和发展的必然选择。对生产全流程进行“诊脉”,实施清洁生产方案以对症施治,才是从根本上实现钢铁企业节能减排的良方。本文归纳了东北特钢集团北满特殊钢有限责任公司以及多家钢铁企业在产业结构调整、节能减排、发展循环经济三个方面的清洁生产方案,可以为其它钢铁企业制定发展规划和清洁生产方案提供参考,促进钢铁企业节能减排目标的实现。     

浅析新建炼油化工企业HSE管理体系的建立运行

介绍了新建炼油化工企业HSE管理体系建立的总体程序,指出了策划及运行阶段过程中应关注的重点。     

新旧标准在化纤企业噪声作业人员听力损伤诊断中的应用比较

目的分别用两种诊断标准比较某化纤企业噪声作业人员听力损伤的特点,为控制和预防职业性噪声损伤提供依据。方法对某化纤企业8个生产中心200个噪声作业点进行现场检测,并对1996名噪声作业人员进行职业性体检,分析其噪声强度、工龄与听力损伤的关系。结果噪声作业人员按其接触噪声的类型分为8个不同工种,噪声范围为74～99dB（A）。听力损伤以长丝加弹最严重,其次为长丝卷绕岗位,以PTA氧化精制岗位最轻;按照GBZ49—2002,不同岗位听力观察对象检出率存在差异,听力损伤程度随着接噪工龄的增加而加重,但依据GBZ49—2007未能见到明显趋势。结论化纤企业存在职业性噪声危害,其中以长丝加弹、长丝卷绕岗位最为严重,按照GBZ49—2002,不同岗位听力观察对象检出率存在差异,听力损伤程度随着接噪工龄的增加而加重。     

钢铁企业含油废水过滤处理试验研究

针对钢铁企业含油废水处理这一难题,提出了采用过滤处理轧钢废水的方案,并使用自清洗动态膜除浊除油器对轧钢废水进行深度处理试验,结果表明:该方法对轧钢含油废水有很好的处理效果,在进水含油量为20~200 mg/L时,出水含油量都低于5 mg/L,去除率在90%以上.     

Bacteriological challenges to asbestos cement water distribution pipelines

Asbestos cement (AC) pipes were commonly installed in the drinking water distribution systems from the mid 1920s to the late 1980s. In recent years, an increase in the number of water main breaks has occurred in the AC portions of some pipe networks, which can be partially attributed to the corrosion of the aged pipes. This study evaluated the potential role that microorganisms may have played in the degeneration and failure of AC pipes. In this study, a fresh AC pipe section was collected from the distribution network of the City of Regina, Canada and examined for microbiological activities and growth on inside surfaces of pipe sample. Black slime bacterial growths were found to be attached to inner pipe surfaces and a distinctively fibrous internal coating (patina) with iron oxides was formed over the time. The microbial populations inside the patina and the black slime were tested with BART(tm) testers. Heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (HAB) and slime forming bacteria (SLYM) dominated in both the black growths and inside the patina. Iron related bacteria, denitrification bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria were also commonly present. Microbial challenge assays were conducted by submerging the cut segments of the AC pipe into selected bacterial cultures for a period of 10 days under both aerobic and anaerobic environments. Weight changes were determined and the surface morphology was examined for each of the assayed pipe segments. Results indicated that acid producing bacteria, SLYM and HAB could facilitate the pipe weight loss under anaerobic environments.     

湿法脱硫渣制备硫铝酸盐水泥的实验研究

以脱硫渣、石灰石、铝土矿为主要原料,经配方设计,在1250℃条件下烧制硫铝酸盐水泥。运用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段,对水泥熟料中各矿相的生成过程和水化产物进行了分析。结果表明,熟料主要矿物C4A3S和C2S发育良好;水泥净浆试块的1d、3d、28d抗压强度分别达到了44.3MPa、54.1MPa、67.5MPa,后期强度增进稳定;水化产物的结晶相主要由针状或纤维状的钙矾石组成,浆体结构致密。     

Leaching characteristics of heavy metals during cement stabilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators

The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in products of cement stabilization of fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator were investigated in this paper. The stabilization of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in fly ash from such incinerators was examined through the national standard method in China based on the following factors: additive quantity of cement and Na₂S, curing time, and pH of leaching liquor. The results showed that as more additives were used, less heavy metals were leached except for Pb, which is sensitive to pH of the leachate, and the worse effect was observed for Cd. The mass ratio of cement to fly ash = 10% is the most appropriate parameter according to the national standard method. When the hydration of cement was basically finished, stabilization of heavy metals did not vary after curing for 1 d. The mixtures of cement and fly ash had excellent adaptability to environmental pH. The pH of leachate was maintained at 7 when pH of leaching liquor varied from 3 to 11. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(12): 2564–2569 [译自: 环境科学]     

企业应急管理初探

从应急管理的基本概念出发,介绍我国的应急管理体系,并在此基础上对企业的应急管理从定义、组织机构和主要内容等几个方面进行了探究.