改性蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化降解水中微量硝基苯

以硝基苯为目标反应物,对改性蜂窝陶瓷、蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化和单独臭氧氧化去除水中微量有机污染物的效果进行了比较.发现与单独臭氧氧化相比,改性蜂窝陶瓷和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化工艺可以提高水中硝基苯的去除率,分别为38.35%和15.46%.在本次实验条件下,随着改性蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的用量增加到5份,硝基苯的降解效率上升了30.55%;3种工艺对硝基苯的去除率都随着温度的升高而显著增加,随着pH值的升高越来越大,在pH=10.00左右时,臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷联用对硝基苯的去除优势消失;臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化对硝基苯的去除遵循自由基机理;催化剂对硝基苯的吸附很小,对去除几乎没有影响;对于3个体系,将总量相同的O3多次投加可以获得明显优于一次性投加的去除效果;改性蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的使用寿命较长.     

双功能陶瓷膜生物反应器处理废水的研究

研制了一种具有抽滤和曝气双重功能的陶瓷膜生物反应器并用于处理废水.比较了废水经陶瓷膜抽滤后的出水浊度和自然沉降后的浊度,经过陶瓷膜过滤后的出水浊度达到自然沉降4～24h的效果.在处理废水的过程中,进行曝气/抽滤的切换,可有效地解决膜的堵塞问题.分别进行了间歇和连续的方法处理废水的试验,其COD负荷分别达到1.1kg/(m³·d)和1.5kg/(m³·d).     

2种催化剂在甲苯燃烧反应中的催化性能

利用甲苯有机废气为指标反应,在常压连续流动反应装置上研究了贵金属和非贵金属峰窝陶瓷整体催化剂的催化性能。考察了甲苯浓度、氧含量、反应空速及床层线速度对催化剂的影响及其耐高温,表面不同条件下贵金属催化剂均优于非贵金属催化剂,催化剂经６００℃处理３ｈ后,非贵金属催化剂上甲苯有机废气的起燃温度比贵金属催化剂高５０℃,当催化剂经９００℃处理３ｈ后,甲苯有机废气在贵金属催化剂上的起燃温度与６００℃处理催化剂     

陶粒填料生物滴滤塔处理二甲苯废气

以两种不同的陶粒作为生物滴滤床填料净化二甲苯废气,研究了喷淋液量、气体流量、进气负荷、喷淋液中氨氮浓度及填料层高度对净化效率的影响,并对两种填料的使用效果进行了对比。结果表明：二甲苯废气进气流量越小、进气负荷越低,净化效果越好;充足的氮源是高净化率的保证;对于较高浓度的废气,需要适当增加填料层高来达到净化要求;使用具有比表面积大的陶粒作为填料,可以使设备挂膜时间更短、能耗更低,净化效率更高。     

陶瓷微滤膜深度处理炼油污水二级出水的效能及膜清洗研究

建立了炼油污水二级生化出水的陶瓷微滤膜深度处理系统,当膜孔径为0.2 mm、操作压力为0.12 MPa时,该系统对CODCr和SS的去除率分别达到79%以上和87%以上,出水达到生活杂用水水质标准.自动高压气体(0.5 MPa)反冲洗可有效地提高膜通量;反应系统中加入Al2(SO4)3絮凝剂(50 mg/(L d))与不加入时相比,可使膜通量提高近80%;采用NaOH、HNO3、NaClO溶液和家用洗涤灵进行化学清洗时,HNO3和NaClO先后使用的复合清洗方法效率最高.     

新型干式微孔过滤除尘器的实验研究

采用陶瓷质微孔管代替传统的纤维滤料,研制开发出一种新型干式微孔过滤除尘器.介绍了该除尘器组成、特点、结构和陶瓷微孔管过滤原理.实验发现,在入口粉尘浓度范围1 000～3 000 mg/m<'3>,过滤速度1.0～1.5 m/min时,该过滤除尘器具有较高的除尘效率,在实验最大过滤速度2.02 m/min条件下,压力损失为926 Pa,能耗较小.与传统的袋式除尘器相比,该除尘器具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐磨损、使用寿命长和除尘效率高等优点.     

新型生物轻质陶块填料塔净化低浓度有机废气的试验研究

试验研究结果表明 ,轻质陶块附着生物膜后对废气的有机物的净化性能明显优于不锈钢环。轻质陶块完全可以取代常用的不锈钢环而成为生物膜填料塔的新型填料     

Recycling of Malaysia’s electric arc furnace (EAF) slag waste into heavy-duty green ceramic tile

Recently, various solid wastes from industry such as glass waste, fly ash, sewage sludge and slag have been recycled into various value-added products such as ceramic tile. The conventional solutions of dumping the wastes in landfills or incineration, including in Malaysia are getting obsolete as the annual huge amount of the solid wastes would boost-up disposal cost and may cause permanent damage to the flora and fauna. This recent waste recycling approach is much better and greener as it can resolve problems associated with over-limit storage of industrial wastes and reduce exploration of natural resources for ceramic tile to continuously sustain the nature. Therefore, in this project, an attempt was made to recycle electric arc furnace (EAF) slag waste, obtained from Malaysia’s steel making industry, into ceramic tile via conventional powder compaction method. The research work was divided into two stages. The first stage was to evaluate the suitability of EAF slag in ceramic tile by varying weight percentage of EAF slag (40 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 60 wt.%) and ball clay (40 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 60 wt.%), with no addition of silica and potash feldspar. In the second stage, the weight percentage of EAF slag was fixed at 40 wt.% and the percentage of ball clay (30 wt.% and 40 wt.%), feldspar (10 wt.% and 20 wt.%) and silica (10 wt.% and 20 wt.%) added was varied accordingly. Results obtained show that as weight percentage of EAF slag increased up to 60 wt.%, the percentage of apparent porosity and water absorption also rose, with a reduction in tile flexural strength and increased porosity. On the other hand, limiting the weight percentage of EAF slag to 40 wt.% while increasing the weight percentage of ball clay led to a higher total percentage of anorthite and wollastonite minerals, resulting in higher flexural strength. It was found that introduction of silica and feldspar further improved the flexural strength due to optimization of densification process. The highest flexural strength, lowest apparent porosity and water absorption of EAF slag based tile was attained at the composition of 40 wt.% EAF slag – 30 wt.% ball clay – 10 wt.% feldspar – 20 wt.% silica. The properties of ceramic tile made with EAF slag waste (up to 40 wt.%), especially flexural strength are comparable to those of commercial ceramic tile and are, therefore, suitable as high flexural strength and heavy-duty green ceramic floor tile. Continuous development is currently underway to improve the properties of tile so that this recycling approach could be one of the potential effective, efficient and sustainable solutions in sustaining our nature.     

臭氧氧化对陶瓷膜超滤工艺降低饮用水中浊度的影响

利用臭氧陶瓷膜超滤集成工艺,研究了臭氧对陶瓷膜超滤工艺处理不同浊度原水的影响.实验用陶瓷膜平均孔径为100 nm.结果表明,与不投加臭氧的情况相比,投加3 mg·L-1臭氧可将浊度为14、52、108和510 NTU原水的膜通量提高18.2％～104.9％,投加5 mg·L-1臭氧可将此值提高至21.7％ ～116.3％,而投加1～2 mg·L-1臭氧对膜通量的改善不明显.投加5mg·L-1臭氧可将CODMn的去除率提高至28.7％ ～46.9％,投加1～3 mg·L-1臭氧对CODMn的去除率无显著影响,膜出水有机物浓度有所升高.臭氧氧化后原水中小分子量有机物增多,降低了膜的有机物污染程度,有利于膜通量改善.集成工艺出水中2～3 μm颗粒物数量为10 ～36个·mL-1.臭氧氧化导致陶瓷膜过滤初期出水中颗粒物数量略微升高.本研究对于水中颗粒物通过陶瓷超滤膜孔的探讨,以及改善膜对颗粒物的去除具有重要的指导意义.     

胶团强化超滤处理含镍废水

胶团强化超滤(MEUF)是一种高效分离水中金属离子的技术。以无机陶瓷膜为媒介,采用胶团强化超滤法处理含镍废水,考察膜孔径,表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、镍离子浓度、pH值等因素对胶团强化超滤过程的影响。实验结果表明:膜孔径、SDS浓度、pH值对镍离子截留率有显著影响。当废水温度为20℃,操作压力为0.15 MPa,膜孔径为20 nm,SDS浓度为6.0 mmol/L时超滤效果最好;在此条件下,镍离子的截留率达99.25%,膜通量为89.65 L/(m2.h)。