铜基改性非碳基吸附剂汞脱除性能研究

对以CuCl2及CuBr2为活性物质,6种大比表面积非碳基载体制成的吸附剂在不同烟气条件下的汞吸附性能及价态分布进行了研究.在纯N2条件下以氧化铝、沸石、皂土为载体的吸附剂具有很高的汞脱除率.水蒸气会降低吸附剂的汞脱除率,SO2对非碳基吸附剂有抑制作用,对CuBr2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的影响尤为突出.NO的影响更多地取决于吸附剂载体的性质.HCl的加入对CuCl2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的汞脱除率有抑制效果.模拟真实烟气的作用是几种酸性气体的叠加.其中CuCl2改性氧化铝在所有烟气条件下均表现出较好的汞吸附性能及很高的汞氧化率.     

饮用水中溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐、溴离子的离子色谱测定法

本文选用DIONEX ICS-2000型离子色谱仪,进样量100μL。水样中的阴离子随氢氧根淋洗液进入阴离子交换分离系统,根据分析柱对各离子的亲和力不同进行分离。结果溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐、溴离子的检出限分别为：5.0μg/L、4.0μg/L、5.0μg/L、4.4μg/L;标准偏差〈5%;样品加标回收率在87.5%-95.5%。结论该方法操作简单,分析快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,能够准确检测水中卤氧化物。     

辽宁省西部和沈阳地区河水及地下水中溴的分布与污染特征

利用HPLC-ICP-MS方法分析辽宁省西部河水及其沿岸地下水中溴化物、溴酸盐的含量,调查了溴化物、溴酸盐的污染现状.结果表明,大凌河和小凌河河水中总溴浓度范围20.5-364μg·l~(-1),和总氯浓度呈良好相关关系,由回归方程得到的Br/Cl比值分别为2.91和0.83μg·mg~(-1).大凌河该比值在雨水的范围之内,而小凌河该比值则町能受到岩盐溶解的部分影响.大凌河和小凌河河水中溴与氯浓度的相关性与自然界观察到的天然比值范围足相符合的,表明河水未受到溴的污染.细河河水和地下水总溴浓度范围26.6-4070μg·l~(-1),平均浓度1584μg·l~(-1),Br/Cl比值范围2.73-25.2 μg·mg~(-1).细河河水和地下水中的溴浓度明显高于浑河、蒲河和沈抚灌渠,平均Br/Cl比值高达12μg·mg~(-1),远非降水来源所能解释.细河浅层地下水中溴酸盐被检出的浓度存在两处超标情况,分别为31和15μg·l~(-1).浅层地下水中高溴离子浓度和具有强烈毒理效应的溴酸盐的存在对该地区生态系统和人类健康具有潜在负面影响.     

Phytoremediation potentials of selected tropical plants for Ethidium bromide

Background, Aims and Scope Research and development has its own benefits and inconveniences. One of the inconveniences is the generation of enormous quantity of diverse toxic and hazardous wastes and its eventual contamination to soil and groundwater resources. Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is one of the commonly used substances in molecular biology experiments. It is highly mutagenic and moderately toxic substance used in DNA-staining during electrophoresis. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve chemical contamination has been growing rapidly in recent years. The technology has been utilized to clean up soil and groundwater from heavy metals and other toxic organic compounds in many countries like the United States, Russia, and most of European countries. Phytoremediation requires somewhat limited resources and very useful in treating wide variety of environmental contaminants. This study aimed to assess the potential of selected tropical plants as phytoremediators of EtBr. Materials and Methods This study used tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), mustard (Brassica alba), vetivergrass (Vetiveria zizanioedes), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), carabaograss (Paspalum conjugatum), and talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) to remove EtBr from laboratory wastes. The six tropical plants were planted in individual plastic bags containing soil and 10% EtBr-stained agarose gel. The plants were allowed to establish and grow in soil for 30 days. Ethidium bromide content of the test plants and the soil were analyzed before and after soil treatment. Ethidium bromide contents of the plants and soils were analyzed using an UV VIS spectrophotometer. Results Results showed a highly significant (p≤0.001) difference in the ability of the tropical plants to absorb EtBr from soils. Mustard registered the highest absorption of EtBr (1.4±0.12 μg kg⁻¹) followed by tomato and vetivergrass with average uptake of 1.0±0.23 and 0.7±0.17 μg kg⁻¹ EtBr, respectively. Cogongrass, talahib, and carabaograss had the least amount of EtBr absorbed (0.2±0.6 μg kg⁻¹). Ethidium bromide content of soil planted to mustard was reduced by 10.7%. This was followed by tomato with an average reduction of 8.1%. Only 5.6% reduction was obtained from soils planted to vetivergrass. Soils planted to cogongrass, talahib, and carabaograss had the least reduction of 1.52% from its initial EtBr content. Discussion In this study, mustard, tomato, and vetivergrass have shown their ability to absorb EtBr from contaminated soil keeping them from expanding their reach into the environment and preventing further contamination. Its downside, however, is that living creatures including humans, fish, and birds, must be prevented from eating the plants that utilized these substances. Nonetheless, it is still easier to isolate, cut down, and remove plants growing on the surface of the contaminated matrices, than to use strong acids and permanganates to chemically neutralize a dangerous process that can further contaminate the environment and pose additional risks to humans. Though this alternative method does not totally eliminate eventual environmental contamination, it is by far produces extremely insignificant amount of by-products compared with the existing processes and technologies. Conclusions Mustard had the highest potential as phytoremediator of EtBr in soil. However, the absorption capabilities of the other test plants may also be considered in terms of period of maturity and productivity. Recommendations and Perspectives It is recommended that a more detailed and complete investigation of the phytoremediation properties of the different plants tested should be conducted in actual field experiments. Plants should be exposed until they reach maturity to establish their maximum response to the toxicity and mutagenecity of EtBr and their maximum absorbing capabilities. Different plant parts should be analyzed individually to determine the movement and translocation of EtBr from soil to the tissues of plants. Since this study has established that some plants can thrive and dwell in EtBr-treated soil, an increased amount of EtBr application should be explored in future studies. It is suggested therefore that a larger, more comprehensive exploration of phytoremediation application in the management of toxic and hazardous wastes emanating from biotechnology research activities should be considered especially on the use of vetivergrass, a very promising tropical perennial grass. ESS-Submission Editor: Professor Zhihong Xu (zhihong.xu@griffith.edu.au: www.griffith.edu.au/centre/cfhr)     

含溴自由基对臭氧光解损耗的影响

本文研究了２５３．７ｎｍ的紫外光照条件下臭氧的损耗,以及在有Ｎ２和Ｏ２的体系中臭氧损耗的状况,得到不同条件下氧损耗的量子产额。并进一步测定了近似同层条件下溴损氧的量子产额为２４±１,计算出ＢｒＯ＋ＢｒＯ反应的两个分支反应通道的速率比为５．２５±０．２６。     

药剂抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的试验研究

研究用从芦苇中提取的2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯和大麦秸浸出液两种化感物质以及十六烷基溴化铵和异噻唑啉酮等四种药剂对不同生长期的铜绿微囊藻进行了对比抑制试验,结果显示在铜绿微囊藻生长的迟缓期投加试验药剂效果比在对数期投加效果都好,在迟缓期投加四种药剂,都有很好的抑藻效果;在铜绿微囊藻生长的对数期投加化感物质,虽然有一定的抑藻率,但效果较差,而在藻对数期投加10mg/L以下的CTAB和异噻唑啉酮能达到很好的水华抑制效果。同时发现,化感物质在某些浓度时还对铜绿微囊藻有刺激生长的作用。     

MTT-四氯化碳萃取吸光光度法测定活菌数

噻唑蓝(MTT)-四氯化碳萃取比色法是一种快速测定活细胞的方法,通过对反应条件的探索,建立了一种快速的测定细菌活性的方法。结果表明,MTT-四氯化碳萃取法可以有效地测定活菌数,并且与传统的平板稀释法和比浊法的测定结果一致,可以作为代替平板稀释法活菌计数的一种新方法。     

Br-Cl-共存溶液中Br-测定的研究

提出了一种用离子选择性电极、结合Matlab建立线性回归方程测定Br-的方法。经数理统计,回归系数R~2=1,回归方程与实验数据拟合理想。     

废旧电路板中溴的回收工艺研究

在废旧电路板热解处理过程中,溴化阻燃剂分解产生大量溴化氢,为了减少溴化氢对热解设备和环境的危害,提出了碳酸钙吸附分离溴化氢的处理工艺,生成的溴化钙通过水的浸取、过滤、蒸发、浓缩等过程,获得了质量分数为52%,密度为1.7 g/mL的溴化钙水溶液.研究了热解温度、碳酸钙用量对溴化钙产率的影响规律及溴化钙的浸取工艺条件.热解吸附试验表明,碳酸钙与电路板的质量比为1.2～1.4,热解温度约为600 ℃时,溴化钙的产率最高可达86%;浸取试验表明,溴化钙的单次浸取率随浸取剂的浓度增大而降低,随温度升高而提高.溴的回收率主要取决于溴化钙的产率,通过选择合适的热解吸附条件,废旧电路板中溴的总回收率高于80%,所回收的溴化钙液体产品主要技术指标接近同类市售产品.     

Atmospheric particulates and human health: Potential occupational health implications of working in an archaeologically and economically important cave in southeast Asia

The Niah Great Cave contains important archaeological artefacts immersed in massive guano deposits. The exposure of such artefacts, together with general movement through the cave, results in an enhanced atmospheric particulate pollution. Values, as a consequence of disturbance, are as high as 1300?µg/m³; alarming PM₁₀ values of 1051?µg/m³ are reported and potential human health effects in terms of particulate lung penetration, enhanced asthma susceptibility, heart disease and mortality are reviewed and discussed.