CA固定化亚硝化细菌氨氮去除能力的实验研究

采用纳氏试剂分光光度法,在不同温度、pH值、葡萄糖浓度和锰离子浓度条件下,观察游离亚硝化细菌和CA固定的亚硝化细菌对亚硝化菌培养液中氨氮的去除效果。结果表明,CA固定的亚硝化细菌比游离亚硝化细菌有较强的氨氮去除能力,并且其氨氮去除能力还表现出一定的抗高温、抗酸、抗葡萄糖干扰和抗锰离子毒害的作用。     

铝矿赤泥强化聚合氯化铝混凝除磷试验研究

对聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加赤泥前后的除磷效果及絮体进行了研究.结果表明,赤泥对PO3-4有吸附作用;投加一定量赤泥,提高了实验室模拟废水和实际污水中磷的去除率;与单用PAC相比,赤泥的加入增强了絮体的持磷性,增加了絮体的密实度,缩小了底泥的体积,强化了PAC的除磷性能.     

再生造纸废水絮凝除浊试验研究

本研究采用絮凝法对再生造纸废水中含细小纤维、无机填料的悬浮物进行处理试验，比较了硫酸亚铁与聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂和聚硅酸氯化铁盐两种絮凝剂的絮凝效果，研究了制备聚硅酸氯化铁盐的铁硅比、pH值、碱化度以及投加量与废水除浊率之间的相互关系。实验结果表明：在最佳条件下，絮凝效果优异，除浊率达到98％，上清液无色透明。     

改性天然高分子絮凝剂和聚合氯化铝复合沉降与絮体分形

在改性天然高分子絮凝剂(CMS)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)复合处理有机废水絮体沉降速度的实验中,用显微镜和电镜观察到絮凝物是有自相似特征的不规则形状,具有分形特征.在pH值为6.86、聚合氯化铝(PAC)加入量为80mg/L条件下,天然改性高分子药剂加入量为1.5mg/L时沉降效果最好,与单独加入PAC相比20min时平均沉降速度分别为2.6mm/min和1.7mm/min.并计算出此时复合处理形成絮凝体的分维数为1.70.     

悬浮法聚氯乙烯化工离心母液的生化处理中试

采用4级内循环式好氧生物膜反应器串联工艺对悬浮法聚氯乙烯(PVC)离心母液废水进行中试试验,研究了不同停留时间下系统对有机物和浊度的处理效果以及系统的抗冲击能力;观察了生物膜的生长和发展规律;对影响系统稳定运行的主要因素(悬浮物、摇蚊幼虫和营养物)进行了分析,并提出了相应的控制措施.试验结果表明:该工艺启动迅速,在HRT为14h时,废水COD总去除率可达75%以上,出水COD浓度低于50mg/L ,完全可以达到排放标准,也可经深度处理回用于生产.     

微涡旋絮凝-逆流气浮-纳滤集成工艺去除水中腐殖酸的研究--以聚合氯化铝(PACl)为絮凝剂

研究了微涡旋絮凝-逆流气浮-纳滤集成工艺去除水中腐殖酸的工艺特征和效果.试验结果表明,微涡旋絮凝-逆流气浮工艺去除水中腐殖酸时,在最佳投药点(PACl),出水水质符合纳滤系统预处理单元的要求,而且该工艺需要PACl絮凝剂的量较低.该预处理系统与纳滤系统组合的集成工艺可以使水中的腐殖酸浓度大大降低,且含TQ56-36FC型纳滤膜的流程1比含M-N1812A型纳滤膜的流程2效果好.前者出水的TOC值可达0.28～0.45mg·L-1,CODMn值为0.47～0.8mg·L-1,UV254nm值为0～0.0033,且有95%以上的脱盐率;后者出水的TOC值为0.52～1.25mg·L-1,CODMn值为0.66～1.0 mg·L-1,UV254nm值为0.008-0.012,脱盐率很低.另外,尽管保安过滤器/活性炭预处理有利于纳滤膜出水水质的提高,但活性炭柱与纳滤膜能去除的有机物种类有些重合,活性炭柱的存在也降低了纳滤膜对有机物的去除率.水中颗粒物的粒度分布表明,原水、絮凝后和气浮出水中颗粒物粒度分布的中位直径(d50)分别为5～6μm、10～14μm和8～13 μm.经过保安过滤器或保安过滤器/活性炭柱,水样中的颗粒物的d50为0到几个μm.经过纳滤膜后出水无颗粒物.     

涡旋脉冲反应器用于含粉尘废气的净化实验研究

提出了一种新型涡旋脉冲式反应器的结构设计。用在实验室条件下通过PVC反应器进行了含粉尘HCl废气净化试验。系统地考察了操作温度、液气比及吸收液中的HCl含量对HCl脱除率R的影响。结果表明:涡旋脉冲式反应器可以高效率地脱除废气中的HCl和粉尘,在适宜的操作条件下,HCl脱除率可达99.5%以上;粉尘去除率接近100%。     

A cleaner two-step synthesis of high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomers for flocculant preparation

In order to improve the flocculation efficiency of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride（PDADMAC）, high molecular weight PDADMAC should be prepared from high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride（DADMAC） monomers. In this paper, a cleaner method with microwave irradiation and alkali solidification was proposed for preparing high pure DADMAC by selective heating under low temperature, and the prepared high purity DADMAC is characterized using FTIR and atomic absorption spectrometry. The new method provides a solution to the key technical problem of PDADMAC synthesis. Comparing with the conventional methods, the results showed that the advantages of the novel synthesis include： （a） high purity DADMAC is improved from 57% to 71% ; （b） reaction time of tertiary amine preparation is shortened from 6 h to 7 min; （c） water instead of acetone was used as reaction medium; （d） toxic by-products, wastewater and waste gas are eliminated. Flocculant made from the synthesized high purity DADMAC monomers was proved more efficient in flocculation tests.     

Survey of mercury,cadmium and lead content of household batteries

The objective of this work was to provide updated information on the development of the potential impact of heavy metal containing batteries on municipal waste and battery recycling processes following transposition of the new EU Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC. A representative sample of 146 different types of commercially available dry and button cells as well as lithium-ion accumulators for mobile phones were analysed for their mercury (Hg)-, cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contents. The methods used for preparing the cells and analysing the heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb were either developed during a former study or newly developed. Several batteries contained higher mass fractions of mercury or cadmium than the EU limits. Only half of the batteries with mercury and/or lead fractions above the marking thresholds were labelled. Alkaline–manganese mono-cells and Li-ion accumulators, on average, contained the lowest heavy metal concentrations, while zinc–carbon batteries, on average, contained the highest levels.     

一种钢渣中氯离子的测定方法

利用蒸馏装置蒸出钢渣中的氯离子,使用硝酸汞滴定方法进行滴定,选用两种钢渣,在不同实验室分别进行了分析测定的比较和验证。结果表明:该方法简便易操作,重现性和准确性都比较高,作为钢渣中氯离子的测定是可行的。