新型混凝剂聚磷氯化铝铁除磷性能研究

以含磷废水为研究对象,分别采用AlCl3、聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚磷氯化铝铁（PPAFC）进行混凝除磷实验。与AlCl3和PAC相比,PPAFC的除磷效果最优,pH值范围广,沉降时间短,且具有较低的单位处理成本。试验结果表明,在PPAFC投加量为10mg/L,pH值7.4,静置时间30min时,磷的去除率高达91.4%,出水满足国家综合排放标准中一级标准。     

氯化镉、灭多威和硝基苯对日本青鳉(Oryzias latipes) 行为抑制的生物应急监测

研究了氯化镉、灭多威和硝基苯对孵化以后7d左右日本青鳉(Oryzias latipes)行为毒性。结果表明,在不同污染物中,随暴露浓度的增加,第1尾日本青鳉产生行为抑制的时间逐渐缩短,并且半数行为抑制时间(time ofhalf behavior inhibition,THBI,Y)随暴露浓度(X)呈现幂指数关系Y=aXb,其中20相似文献   

Preferential binding between intracellular organic matters and Al13 polymer to enhance coagulation performance

Coagulation is the best available method for removing intracellular organic matter (IOM), which is released from algae cells and is an important precursor to disinfection by-products in drinking water treatment. To gain insight into the best strategy to optimize IOM removal, the coagulation performance of two Al salts, i.e., aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl, containing 81.2% Al₁₃), was investigated to illuminate the effect of Al species distribution on IOM removal. PACl showed better removal efficiency than AlCl₃ with regard to the removal of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), owing to the higher charge neutralization effect and greater stability of pre-formed Al₁₃ species. High pressure size exclusion chromatography analysis indicated that the superiority of PACl in DOC removal could be ascribed to the higher binding affinity between Al₁₃ polymer and the low and medium molecular weight (MW) fractions of IOM. The results of differential log-transformed absorbance at 254 and 350?nm indicated more significant formation of complexes between AlCl₃ and IOM, which benefits the removal of tryptophan-like proteins thereafter. Additionally, PACl showed more significant superiority compared to AlCl₃ in the removal of < 5?kDa and hydrophilic fractions, which are widely viewed as the most difficult to remove by coagulation. This study provides insight into the interactions between Al species and IOM, and advances the optimization of coagulation for the removal of IOM in eutrophic water.     

重铬酸钾法测特定化学需氧量几种屏蔽氯离子干扰方法比较

探讨了COD为60mg/L的情况下,氯离子对测定值的影响。氯离子浓度在100mg/L时,固态硫酸汞可完全屏蔽其干扰;氯离子浓度在500 mg/L时,液态硫酸汞可完全屏蔽其干扰;绘制COD-氯离子标准曲线,屏蔽氯离子浓度可达2000mg/L,但操作较为繁琐;在水样环境单纯的情况下,用低浓度重铬酸钾法,可忽略氯离子的干扰。     

无机氮和有机氮对铜绿微囊藻生长和产毒影响的比较

以氯化铵和丙氨酸作为氮源,通过测定铜绿微囊藻细胞生物量、胞内藻毒素含量、基质利用率等变化情况探究并比较两种含氮化合物对铜绿微囊藻生长和产毒的影响.结果表明铵氮低浓度(10 mg·L-1)促进铜绿微囊藻生长,而高浓度(20 mg·L-1)具有抑制作用;不同浓度的丙氨酸对铜绿微囊藻的生长均具有促进作用,最适生长浓度为20 mg·L-1.铵态氮对藻毒素产生的促进作用不明显,丙氨酸则较大的促进了微囊藻产毒,是同时期对照组的6倍.     

Mechanism of Hg oxidation in the presence of HCl over a commercial V2O5–WO3/TiO2 SCR catalyst

Experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor containing a commercial V₂O₅/WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst to investigate mercury oxidation in the presence of HCl and O₂. Mercury oxidation was improved significantly in the presence of HCl and O₂, and the Hg⁰ oxidation efficiencies decreased slowly as the temperature increased from 200 to 400°C. Upon pretreatment with HCl and O₂ at 350°C, the catalyst demonstrated higher catalytic activity for Hg⁰ oxidation. Notably, the effect of pretreatment with HCl alone was not obvious. For the catalyst treated with HCl and O₂, better performance was observed with lower reaction temperatures. The results showed that both HCl and Hg⁰ were first adsorbed onto the catalyst and then reacted with O₂ following its adsorption, which indicates that the oxidation of Hg⁰ over the commercial catalyst followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Several characterization techniques, including Hg⁰ temperature-programmed desorption (Hg-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed in this work. Hg-TPD profiles showed that weakly adsorbed mercury species were converted to strongly bound species in the presence of HCl and O₂. XPS patterns indicated that new chemisorbed oxygen species were formed by the adsorption of HCl, which consequently facilitated the oxidation of mercury.     

基于本土物种的3种典型化合物急性生态效应阈值研究

预测无效应浓度(PNEC)是进行风险污染物水生态安全管理的重要依据。本研究进行了3种典型化合物五氯酚、硝基苯和氯化镉对10种我国不同营养级水生生物的24 h、48 h和96 h的急性毒性测试,根据实验结果计算了相应的急性PNEC,同时与根据美国环境保护局毒性数据库里的毒性数据计算获得的急性PNEC值,以及综合本实验结果与毒性数据库里的数据计算得到的急性PNEC值进行对比,发现通过3种数据来源获得的急性PNEC值中,硝基苯的PNEC值差异较大,由本次实验结果获得的急性PNEC值最小;其他2种化合物差异较小。这可能是由于本次实验所选的本土生物中华田螺和麦穗鱼对硝基苯比较敏感,并且数据库中硝基苯的急性致死数据较少、毒性值较大且变化范围较窄,而其他2种化合物数据量较为丰富,变化范围较宽,包括了较敏感物种的毒性数据。这表明为给我国水生生物提供一个安全可靠的保护,对于数据量较为丰富并且毒性值变化较宽的化合物(如五氯酚和氯化镉)可以直接根据数据库里的毒性数据进行PNEC值的计算;而对于毒性数据量较少、毒性值偏大且变化较窄的化合物(如硝基苯)需要进行本土敏感物种的毒性测试。     

Cobalt induced changes in immune response and adenosine triphosphatase activities in rats

Abstract

The immuno‐biochemical effects of cobaltous chloride in rats receiving iron‐sufficient and deficient diets were investigated. Rats receiving 100 ppm or more cobalt showed a significant reduction in thymus and body weights along with a marked decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, sheep agglutinins and plaque forming cells. These effects were more pronounced in rats receiving cobalt mixed with iron‐deficient diet than those fed on iron‐sufficient diet. The Na⁺‐K⁺ and mitochondrial (Oligomycin‐sensitive) Mg²+ATPase activities in brain and liver of rats fed with iron‐deficient diets were decreased significantly. However, the ATPase activities in these tissues from rats fed with cobalt mixed with iron‐sufficient diets were not altered.     

TEDA城市污水中氯化物,全盐量污染源分析及其总量削减对策

运用总量平衡分析法，通过研究天津经济技术开发区区域污水水量平衡，对污水中氯化物，全盐量总量组成进行定量分析，从而提出了相应的氯化物、全盐量削减措施。