复合填料热传导过程数值模拟

复合填料由废铸砂、粉煤灰、聚苯乙烯(EPS)颗粒、水泥和水按一定质量比例混合制成,具有低导热性、抗冻胀和轻质特性。根据热阻力法则和比等效导热系数相等法则,将材料视为由大量正方形单元体组成,其中心为一个球形EPS颗粒,这种单元体与总体的导热系数相等。运用AN SY S软件对复合填料单元体的传热过程进行了有限元模拟,根据瞬态法导热系数测试原理,推求不同EPS掺入比情况下的复合填料导热系数,分析EPS颗粒与导热系数的关系,发现材料导热系数随着EPS掺入比的增加而快速降低。将材料导热系数数值模拟与实测结果作比较,发现有限元模拟值与实测值接近,说明采用有限元方法可以实现对材料传热过程的模拟。     

卡拉水电站田三滑坡体失稳机理及涌浪计算

结合雅砻江卡拉水电站田三滑坡体工程地质条件,对滑坡变形及涌浪的影响进行深入分析.在总结国内外滑坡涌浪预警实践经验的基础上,研究滑坡运动的过程,对比分析了速度大小、涌浪过程的变化规律.研究表明,在滑坡涌浪的入水初速度及库水深度一定的前提下,田三滑坡体具有初始涌浪高、爬坡高的特点,特别是在库水水位下降时,更要加强监测和预报...     

盾构隧道的开挖模拟及地震反应数值分析

由于盾构隧道掘进的特殊施工工艺,使开挖模拟的数值计算存在着诸多难以量化的因素。采用应力释放法模拟盾构隧道的开挖,在衬砌和土体之间设置等代层单元模拟盾构施工的影响,求得竣工期的应力场和位移场。在静力计算基础上运用动力有限元时程分析法,采用粘性人工边界条件,分析了隧道衬砌在地震过程中的最大响应。其结果和规律可为一般的盾构隧道地震反应分析提供借鉴。     

燃煤锅炉湿式脱硫除尘一体化设备的综合分析

本文对湿式脱硫除尘一体化设备的结构和性能进行了较为全面的分析,指出了该设备存在的诸多弊病,提出了解决方案--脱硫、除尘分体组合式的思路.     

土壤锑污染对桑树的影响初探

运用盆栽实验和实验分析方法,研究了土壤锑(Sb)污染对桑叶品质的影响,揭示了桑树对土壤锑的耐性机制。在土壤中分别添加三价锑15mg/kg、40mg/kg、80mg/kg、120mg/kg、160mg/kg和300mg/kg,以植物生长指标及生理指标为测试指标,实验周期60d。实验结果表明,低浓度Sb处理(<40mg/kg)对桑树生长有促进作用;随着土壤Sb浓度增高(40—300mg/kg),它对桑树产生抑制效应。但当土壤锑浓度不超过160mg/kg时,桑树对土壤锑污染有一定的耐性,其耐性指数>0.8。土壤锑污染对桑叶叶绿素含量、淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量影响不显著,桑叶中的锑含量随土壤锑含量的增加而增多。     

山东省在全国的区际地位及区域内部分工格局研究

区域分工对区域经济发展具有重要作用。山东地处我国东部沿海,是全国人口大省、经济大省,在全国经济发展格局中占有举足轻重的地位。根据区域分工理论,对山东省在全国和区域内部分工进行了分析,揭示了山东省在全国的区际地位以及所辖17个市之间的区域分工与合作格局,为山东省强化区域分工和联系,提高区域竞争力提供决策依据。     

旅游循环经济理念下的珠江源旅游区建设初探

旅游循环经济是发展旅游业一种新的指导思想,是实现旅游业可持续发展的新范式。针对珠江源旅游区的现状,根据旅游循环经济资源循环利用和保护并重的理念,探讨其在旅游区的林地系统利用建设、湿地系统利用建设、岩溶地貌系统利用建设、旅游服务设施系统利用建设方面的应用。     

Watershed Evapotranspiration Increased due to Changes in Vegetation Composition and Structure Under a Subtropical Climate1

Abstract: Natural forests in southern China have been severely logged due to high human demand for timber, food, and fuels during the past century, but are recovering in the past decade. The objective of this study was to investigate how vegetation cover changes in composition and structure affected the water budgets of a 9.6‐km² Dakeng watershed located in a humid subtropical mountainous region in southern China. We analyzed 27 years (i.e., 1967‐1993) of streamflow and climate data and associated vegetation cover change in the watershed. Land use/land cover census and Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from remote sensing were used to construct historic land cover change patterns. We found that over the period of record, annual streamflow (Q) and runoff/precipitation ratio did not change significantly, nor did the climatic variables, including air temperature, Hamon’s potential evapotranspiration (ET), pan evaporation, sunshine hours, and radiation. However, annual ET estimated as the differences between P and Q showed a statistically significant increasing trend. Overall, the NDVI of the watershed had a significant increasing trend in the peak spring growing season. This study concluded that watershed ecosystem ET increased as the vegetation cover shifted from low stock forests to shrub and grasslands that had higher ET rates. A conceptual model was developed for the study watershed to describe the vegetation cover‐streamflow relationships during a 50‐year time frame. This paper highlighted the importance of eco‐physiologically based studies in understanding transitory, nonstationary effects of deforestation or forestation on watershed water balances.     

Modification of the biochemical pathways of plants induced by ozone: what are the varied routes to change?

When plants are observed under a low dose of ozone, some physiological and metabolic shifts occur. Barring extreme injury such as tissue damage or stomata closure, most of these disruptive changes are likely to have been initiated at the level of gene expression. The belief is oxidative products formed in ozone exposed leaves, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, are responsible for much of the biochemical adjustments. The first line of defense is a range of antioxidants, such as ascorbate and glutathione, but if this defense is overwhelmed, subsequent actions occur, similar to systemic acquired resistance or general wounding. Yet there are seemingly unrelated metabolic responses which are also triggered, such as early senescence. We discuss here the current understanding of gene control and signal transduction/control in order to increase our comprehension of how ozone alters the basic metabolism of plants and how plants counteract or cope with ozone.     

Implementation of a windblown dust parameterization into MODELS-3/CMAQ: Application to episodic PM events in the US/Mexico border

Windblown dust is known to impede visibility, deteriorate air quality and modify the radiation budget. Arid and semiarid areas with unpaved and unvegetated land cover are particularly prone to windblown dust, which is often attributed to high particulate matter (PM) pollution in such areas. Yet, windblown dust is poorly represented in existing regulatory air quality models. In a study by the authors on modeling episodic high PM events along the US/Mexico border using the state-of-the-art CMAQ/MM5/SMOKE air quality modeling system [Choi, Y.-J., Hyde, P., Fernando, H.J.S., 2006. Modeling of episodic particulate matter events using a 3D air quality model with fine grid: applications to a pair of cities in the US/Mexico border. Atmospheric Environment 40, 5181–5201], some of the observed PM₁₀ NAAQS exceedances were inferred as due to windblown dust, but the modeling system was incapable of dealing with time-dependent episodic dust entrainment during high wind periods. In this paper, a time-dependent entrainment parameterization for windblown dust is implemented in the CMAQ/MM5/SMOKE modeling system with the hope of improving PM predictions. An approach for realizing windblown dust emission flux for each grid cell over the study domain on an hourly basis, which accounts for the influence of factors such as soil moisture content, atmospheric stability and wind speed, is presented in detail. Comparison of model predictions with observational data taken at a pair of US/Mexico border towns shows a clear improvement of model performance upon implementation of the dust emission flux parameterization.