The injury epidemiology of adult riders in vehicle-two-wheeler crashes in China,Ningbo, 2011–2015

Introduction: We used road crashes between vehicles and two-wheelers from Yinzhou District Ningbo in 2011–2015 from the China In-depth Accident Study (CIDAS) as sample cases. The risk factors of different injury severity grades were analyzed. Method: The classification tree model was used to screen the possible interaction items, and the corresponding regression model was constructed according to the results of the tree model to explore the influencing factors of cyclist injury. Results: The road types, weather types, gender, age of the riders, and vehicle speed were significantly correlated with the dependent variables. The interaction effect of gender*road type, weather*age, weather*speed and speed*age were obtained through a tree model. Conclusions: The risk of male casualties at the crossroads was 3.31 times higher than that of female casualties at the straight roads. On sunny days, the risk of crash casualties in Ningbo was low, and the fatality risk when the speed reached 38 km/h was 10%. Under the interaction effect of weather and age, the fatality risk in cloudy/foggy and rainy days was almost coincident, and the serious risk in cloudy/foggy conditions was the highest. Practical applications: Through factor analysis, it is confirmed that there is interaction effect among the factors, and it can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate more targeted and effective governance strategies.     

Metallurgical analysis of the ‘cause’ arc beads pattern characteristics under different short-circuit currents

Electric arc beads commonly cause large fire and explosion accidents, especially during the powder process industries. During such fires, the original equipment is often severely burned, rendering electrical fire investigation impossible. Therefore, identifying the beads caused by electrical faults through metallurgical investigation is crucial. This study focused on the ‘cause’ of arc beads and determined their pattern characteristics through metallurgical analysis of copper wires with short-circuit currents of 100, 160, 200, and 240 A. According to microstructure characteristics and metallographic knowledge, bead pattern characteristics were divided into six types: hypereutectic (A), dendritic eutectic (B), chilled layer (C), cellular crystal (D), dendritic (E), and coarse columnar crystal (F). Oxide levels of each category were A (4.5%–7.6%) > C (2.0%–3.8%) > B (1.1%–2.4%) > D (1.0%–2.1%) > E (0.6%–1.9%) > F (0.1%–0.7%). When the short-circuit currents were the same, there were a greater number of small particle beads than large ones. As the current increased, the number of distributed beads with a particle size d < 1 mm decreased, with 1 mm ≤ d < 2 mm increased, and with d ≥ 2 mm were stable. Bead size and distribution had a negative linear correlation at 200 A. When the current increased, the proportion of beads with A and C structures gradually decreased, and those with D structures increased to more than 50%. Oxygen content and arc temperature determined the oxide form. These results are vital for electrical fire investigations and provide theoretical support for fire material evidence extraction and cause identification.     

4种人工湿地填料对磷的吸附特性分析

采用等温吸附、吸附动力学、填料饱和吸附后磷素释放实验,研究了紫色土、河沙、页岩、石灰岩对磷的吸附特征,结果表明Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程均能很好地拟合各填料对磷的吸附特征,各填料对磷的最大吸附量大小顺序依次为石灰岩(666.67 mg/kg)河沙(500.00 mg/kg)页岩(434.78 mg/kg)紫色土(416.67 mg/kg);从反应速率来看,吸附过程都可分为快、中、慢3个阶段;相对一级动力学方程、双常数方程而言,Elovich方程对4种填料的吸附动力学特征拟合最好,决定系数R~2在0.831～0.966之间;从磷的解吸率来看,各填料释磷大小顺序依次为河沙(4.257%)页岩(3.803%)石灰岩(3.638%)紫色土(2.134%)。综合考察得出,石灰岩更适合作为人工湿地污水除磷的填料。     

某装药弹振动特性的安全分析

为分析某装药弹的振动特性,并为该弹提供必要的力学数据,建立某装药弹模态方程。采用ANSYS软件对该弹振动特性进行了数值模拟,利用Block Lanczos法求解,得到前10阶振动固有频率和振型。分析结果表明:低阶频率主要以摆动和转动为主,高阶频率主要以弯曲扭动为主,低阶频率对该弹的影响比较小,高阶频率对该弹的影响比较大,尤其是7～10阶频率,该弹的主振频率为1053.8 Hz,为该弹的优化设计提供科学依据,在加工、储存、运输和使用条件下应低于该频率;为验证该方法可信度,采用某小型装药弹进行了实验验证,实验结果和仿真结果偏差小于1%;同时证明该有限元数值分析的方法是经济可靠的。     

超超临界锅炉SCR脱硝工艺及其调试

在介绍望亭电厂超超临界锅炉脱硝系统工艺特点的基础上,重点对其调试技术进行了分析和研究,并对脱硝系统国产化提出了思路：     

降解SO_2功能菌的16S rRAN基因测序及降解特性

用低浓度SO2诱导驯化方法获得高效脱硫菌群,并用分离培养与16S rRNA基因测序技术相结合的方法鉴定菌群种属,分析驯化过程中种群结构的动态变化,同时研究分离纯菌种的脱硫性能。结果表明,从诱导驯化7 d和14 d菌液中分别分离出23株菌和22株菌,16S rRNA序列分析发现这些菌归属于13个种,其中有6个种（Rhodococcus erythropolis、Pseudomonas putida、Microbacterium oxydans、Sphingomonas koreensis、Acinetobacter junii、Acinetobacter johnsonii）对SO2-3有较强的降解能力,并在持续驯化过程中稳定的生长传代,降解产物以硫酸根为主,还有极少量的单质硫。与含混合菌的驯化菌液降解SO2-3的能力相比,单一脱硫菌的脱硫性能较弱。脱硫功能菌株及其基本特性的研究为微生物处理SO2烟气提供了丰富的菌源信息和理论基础。     

污水处理厂氮排放特征

为了更好地掌握污水处理厂运行和排放情况,在全国南方、北方分别选取3个省共11个城市122家污水处理厂,于2013年8—10月进行了专项监测。结果表明：75?4％的污水处理厂氨氮出水质量浓度小于2 mg／L,氨氮平均去除率达90?2％,但总氮的平均去除率仅为55?5％,污水处理厂排水中仍存在较多非氨氮形态的氮污染进入环境。氨氮排放达标的污水处理厂中,有约20％的总氮排放未达标。65?5％的污水处理厂出水氨氮占总氮的比例低于10％,而84?4％的污水处理厂进水中氨氮占总氮的比例高于50％。总氮是影响污水处理厂达标排放的主要污染因子。     

江苏省环境与社会经济发展特征分析及对策

环境与社会经济发展既相互促进又相互制约,研究经济持续增长背景下的两者发展特征与关系,对于采取经济环境一体化的综合决策、促进可持续发展具有现实指导意义。利用1991—2010年江苏省社会经济、污染物排放和环境质量数据,采用相关性分析、趋势分析等方法,对江苏省主要社会经济与环境指标发展变化特征进行了系统分析。结果表明,1991—2010年间江苏省社会经济发展呈现持续增长态势,由此带来的资源能源与环境压力亦持续增加;同时,由于实施了一系列政策措施,有效减缓、控制了污染排放和环境质量恶化趋势,但仍面临环境承载能力薄弱、经济结构偏重、能源消费不合理、区域发展不均衡等影响环境与社会经济协调发展的问题。为此,提出进一步处理好经济发展、社会进步与生态环境保护关系的对策建议。     

江苏沿海地区经济联系及物流要素流量空间特征分析

随着经济一体化的发展,城市间经济联系日益加强,必然引起城市间物流需求联系的增加。借鉴引力模型在经济联系中的应用,分析了江苏沿海地区城市间经济联系强度。结果表明：城市间经济联系的强度随着空间距离的递增而递减;并以区域中心城市为中心,向外呈辐射状圈层构造,呈现3个层次结构;沿海中心城市对经济联系腹地间的竞争更加明显。立足运输地理学网络分析基本原理, 从客流、货流和信息流等流量,流向等空间属性进一步探讨城市间的经济联系特征,江苏沿海地区市际间货流量连云港 南通占主要地位;客流量连云港 南通一线最大;城市间信息传递不畅,信息流量较弱。针对城市间经济联系及物流要素流量的空间特征,提出了加强区域经济合作的策略与建议     

1951-2006年西北太平洋热带气旋活动时空特征

西北太平洋是全球热带气旋(TC)发生次数最多、强度最大的区域之一,其TC研究受到该区域学者的广泛关注。基于日本气象厅(JMA)东京台风中心西北太平洋TC最佳路径数据资料,分析了该区域1951-2006年的TC频数和强度时空分布特征。首先,统计和分析了56年间(1951-2006年)TC的年际和年内变化,并通过建立1°×1°网格计算了落在每个网格内的TC次数,分析了多年TC的空间分布格局;其次,根据国际气象组织按照风速划分TC等级的标准,统计和分析了56年间不同强度TC的年际和年内特征,通过风速强度指数计算,获取了1°×1°网格单元区域内遭受TC影响的强度等级。结果显示,区域频数和强度时空分布规律较好地反映了该区域的TC影响特征,进而为区域台风灾害预报以及台风灾害风险评估提供了支持。