疲劳驾驶交通事故的特点分析与预防

疲劳驾驶引发的道路交通事故导致了严重的人身伤亡和财产损失。本文从心理和生理两方面分析了疲劳形成机理,对我国2006年因疲劳驾驶导致的交通事故进行了疲劳事故特点分析,并根据统计分析结果制定针对性的预防措施,从而减少疲劳驾驶交通事故的发生率。     

成都市夏季近地面臭氧污染气象特征

利用2016年7月成都市8个环境监测站点的臭氧、NO_2的监测资料以及成都市国家基准气象站和基本气象站的观测资料,对成都市夏季臭氧、NO_2浓度和气象要素的日变化特征和臭氧污染过程进行了分析。研究结果表明:成都市臭氧污染受综合气象条件和NO_2浓度的影响,高温、低湿、强辐射有利于臭氧大量生成,NO_2浓度高低决定了臭氧浓度的峰值大小;在污染期间,大气边界层高度远高于本地平均水平,数值约为平均水平的2～3倍;成都市臭氧污染的主要影响因子存在地区差异,成都市区的臭氧主要来自于自身的光化学反应,而灵岩寺地区的臭氧来自于VOCs和大气水平输送。     

畜禽养殖废水的三维荧光特征

对某畜禽养殖废水连续采样,利用荧光光谱法研究畜禽养殖废水的三维荧光特性.结果表明:该废水的三维荧光光谱有两个荧光峰,分别为270 nm/297 nm和315 nm/410 nm,两峰的强度之比为3.45～4.94;该畜禽养殖废水由蛋白质、腐酸、尿液及阴离子表面活性剂组成;各峰的峰位置及峰强度比值都可作为判断废水是否为该...     

山东省区域经济差异趋势研究

改革开放以来,山东经济总量稳步扩大,人民生活水平显著提高,2004年以后该省GDP占全国第二,人均国民生产总值名列前茅。一个地区的区域经济发展平衡状况在很大程度上影响着总体经济的发展。从区域经济差异内涵出发,根据基尼系数和R／S分析法对山东省17个区域的经济差异进行了定量评价和趋势预测,提出了区域经济协调对策。     

Age-related differences in effects of non-driving related tasks on takeover performance in automated driving

Introduction: During SAE level 3 automated driving, the driver’s role changes from active driver to fallback-ready driver. Drowsiness is one of the factors that may degrade driver’s takeover performance. This study aimed to investigate effects of non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) to counter driver’s drowsiness with a Level 3 system activated and to improve successive takeover performance in a critical situation. A special focus was placed on age-related differences in the effects. Method: Participants of three age groups (younger, middle-aged, older) drove the Level 3 system implemented in a high-fidelity motion-based driving simulator for about 30 min under three experiment conditions: without NDRT, while watching a video clip, and while switching between watching a video clip and playing a game. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and eyeblink duration measured driver drowsiness. At the end of the drive, the drivers had to take over control of the vehicle and manually change the lane to avoid a collision. Reaction time and steering angle variability were measured to evaluate the two aspects of driving performance. Results: For younger drivers, both single and multiple NDRT engagements countered the development of driver drowsiness during automated driving, and their takeover performance was equivalent to or better than their performance without NDRT engagement. For older drivers, NDRT engagement did not affect the development of drowsiness but degraded takeover performance especially under the multiple NDRT engagement condition. The results for middle-aged drivers fell at an intermediate level between those for younger and older drivers. Practical Applications: The present findings do not support general recommendations of NDRT engagement to counter drowsiness during automated driving. This study is especially relevant to the automotive industry’s search for options that will ensure the safest interfaces between human drivers and automation systems.     

Trends of hazardous material accidents (HMAs) during highway transportation from 2013 to 2018 in China

Statistical analysis of hazardous material accidents (HMAs) in China from 20013 to 2018 related to characteristics and consequences is discussed in this study, revealing different time volatility, spatial distribution and accident consequence features. Yearly, monthly, weekly and hourly levels of HMAs are analysed, and the corresponding factors are discussed. The trends of HMAs are affected by different factors, such as efforts toward safety-specific rectification by the government, holidays, five-day workweek systems and daily traffic peaks. The spatial distribution trends indicate that highway transportation of hazardous materials is mostly short-distance transport. The accidents that occurred on normal road sections account for 82.76% of the total HMAs during transportation. Leaking accidents caused by HMAs account for 79.35% of the total accidents. Countermeasures focusing on improving highway transportation safety for hazardous materials are recommended.     

一起110 kV变压器高温过热故障综合分析及诊断

讲述了一起110 kV电力变压器内部发生高温过热故障后的分析和诊断过程,文章通过多种溶解气体分析法如特征气体法、三比值法、四比值法、总烃安伏法等对故障进行分析,准确判断了故障类型、严重程度,并准确判断出故障的大概发生部位,从而对设备的运行及检修提出策略参考,并在设备解体中印证了检修前的分析和判断,确保了设备和电网的安全稳定运行。     

典型固体可燃物燃烧沉积物微观形貌特征的研究

利用火灾现场中燃烧物沉积物所特有的火灾原始信息,可以帮助火灾调查人员准确辨识与鉴别起火部位或起火点附近可燃物分部情况,辅助判断初始起火材料和起火部位的特点,通过燃烧模拟试验,开展了木材、化纤织物、棉织物、PVC制品、聚氨酯泡沫等常见固体可燃物燃烧沉积物微观形貌特征研究。首先,利用SEM 分析了不同材料沉积物中粒子分布、微观形貌等结构性差异。接着,进行了颗粒物的形貌学测量和组成成分测定。最终,得到了样本的量化差异特征。研究结果表明:5种固体可燃材料燃烧沉积物存在结构性差异,但并不显著;对组成粒子进行的形貌学测量和成分测定,可以量化区分材料属性。该方法可以为建立火灾现场起火部位可燃材料的燃烧时序性提供技术支持。     

软弱围岩隧道洞口浅埋段变形特征及控制措施研究*

为解决洞口浅埋段软弱围岩隧道大变形控制难、施工风险高的问题。依托在建隧道工程,对洞口浅埋段初支变形及破坏特征进行分析,提出适合该隧道的变形控制措施。结果表明:洞口浅埋段围岩松散破碎受开挖扰动和地表水影响显著,隧道破坏形式多样,围岩纵向变形不规律,随埋深增大,局部渗水严重段存在拱腰挤出现象;开挖初期围岩变形速率高,最高达到86.8 mm/d,累计变形量大,其中上、中台阶围岩变形量占比为80%~90%,变形主要分为“加速增长—缓慢增长—再次增长—趋于稳定”4个变化阶段,再增长阶段持续时间较短,约6~10 d。根据围岩预留变形量建立各施工阶段的变形控制基准及超限应对处置措施,并提出工法优化,通过数值模拟验证该优化工法有利于支护结构及时封闭,可控制前期围岩变形,保证施工安全和进度。     

基于GM（1，N）灰模型预测企业主动性安全投入

本文基于GM（1,N）灰模型对企业主动性安全投入总量进行预测,研究把企业安全整体情况或整体表现作为一个“灰系统”对待时,依据该系统的特征量,来对企业主动性安全投入进行预测,为我国企业进行安全投入时提供决策依据。