城市污水与垃圾处理市场化研究

应用公共经济学的理论和国内外的实证数据对我国城市污水与垃圾处理市场化前景进行了分析研究．并对制约城市污水与垃圾处理市场化的因子进行了研究，指出我国城市污水与垃圾处理具有相当的芾场化前景：而投资渠道单一、运营管理效率低下、收费政策不够完善是城市污水与垃圾处理市场化程度低的突出问题。最后．针对性地提出了加快我国城市污水与垃圾产业化和市场化的BOT融资模式、排污收费和公众参与等对策。     

苄嘧磺隆在两种可变电荷土壤中的吸附

研究了两种典型可变电荷土壤对磺酰脲类除草剂——苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron-methyl,BSM)的等温吸附和吸附动力学,及pH对土壤吸附苄嘧磺隆的影响。结果表明,土壤吸附苄嘧磺隆的量随着苄嘧磺隆的质量浓度的升高而增加,而随溶液pH的升高逐渐减小;土壤的物理和化学性质也影响其吸附苄嘧磺隆的量。用Langmuir、Freundlich、Dubinin-Redushkerich等方程对供试土样吸附BSM的数据进行了拟合,分析比较发现土壤吸附苄嘧磺隆的等温曲线较好地符合Freundlich方程。动力学研究显示一级动力学方程能很好地拟合供试土壤的动力学特性,苄嘧磺隆在红壤中较早达到吸附平衡。     

Simple relationships between the ionization energies of one-, two- and three-electron ions of consecutive elements

The ionization energy of one-electron ions can be calculated from a well-known equation that is based on quantum mechanics and on the Bohr model, but no theoretically justified equation is available for the calculation of the ionization energies of multi-electron ions. I report here simple empirical relationships between the ionization energies of one-, two- and three-electron ions of elements whose atomic numbers are Z, Z + 1 and Z + 2. On the basis of these relationships, an equation was constructed for the calculation of the ionization energies of two- and three-electron ions (IE(2el)(Z) and IE(3el)(Z), respectively) as a function of Z only: [equation: see text] where N = the number of electrons, i.e. 2 or 3. For N = 3, this equation is only valid when Z > N, being inaccurate for the neutral Li atom. Graphs of the difference between calculated and experimental values of the ionization energies as a function of Z reveal inaccurate experimental results that are impossible to detect by inspection of the ionization energy itself. On the basis of the present results, more accurate values can be predicted for these ionization energies. A striking example is the inaccuracy of the traditional handbook value of IE(3el)(Fe).     

如何执行提高征收标准收费

排污费提高征收标准收费容易与调整排污费收费标准混淆,执行中出现概念不清、计算不准等问题,应引起环境监理人员重视并予以纠正,保证这项惩戒性排污收费制度的严格执行。     

易燃易爆场所静电事故链路及断链减灾模式

为了探究易燃易爆场所静电事故形成过程及防护机理,基于事故链式理论,以及静电点燃源形成过程和爆炸性环境形成过程这2条并行支链,绘制了易燃易爆场所静电事故链路;通过事故案例说明了静电事故链路的实用性;研究了静电荷、易燃/可燃物质在外界扰动作用下的特征形态。研究结果表明:静电事故断链减灾模式包括静电点燃源断链减灾模式、爆炸性环境断链减灾模式以及降低事故影响的事故后果断链减灾模式;针对静电事故的各类断链减灾模式,提出了相应的防护措施,可为易燃易爆场所静电事故防护提供系统性的指导方案。     

埋地管道缺陷的自漏磁场计算方法研究

基于现有的埋地管道缺陷自漏磁场计算方法把缺陷处的磁荷假设为均匀分布,对于计算结果与实际检测存在较大误差的问题,通过采用ANSYS软件对管道缺陷进行有限元分析,根据材料力磁关系和磁荷理论,提出1种考虑磁荷实际分布的缺陷自漏磁场计算方法,并将该计算方法应用在某埋地管道磁记忆检测中。研究结果表明:该方法计算结果与实际值之间的峰值相对误差为6.9%,相对于现有方法16.4%的相对误差,准确度更高。研究结果有助于在管道磁记忆检测中,提高管道缺陷量化的准确性,对埋地管道缺陷非开挖识别与剩余寿命评价有重要意义。     

Deposition and Resuspension of Selected Aerosols Particles on Electrically Charged Filter Materials for Respiratory Protective Devices

The primary aim of the study was to analyse the non-steady state of filtration for selected electrostatic filter materials designed for use in respiratory protective devices. The obtained results showed that the filtration process in electrostatic filters was dependent in the main on the following factors: type of the filter material, electrostatic field strength of the material, and the charge of the aerosol.

To a lesser degree the filtration process depended on the sign of the charge and the relative humidity of the air. A significant correlation was found between the increase in the penetration and the decrease in breathing resistance while the filter was being loaded.

The effect of resuspension (tearing off and re-deposition of dust agglomerates inside the filter) on the filtration process very significant. It was also observed that under certain conditions electrostatic filter materials lost their protection properties.     

超音速气动液滴荷电雾化及降尘性能试验研究*

为探究煤炭生产过程中呼吸性粉尘难以捕捉且对人体造成伤害的问题,提出超音速水雾荷电降尘技术。基于荷电雾化机理,研究电极环直径、电极间距、电压3因素对超音速气动液滴荷电、雾化效果的影响。利用网状目标法测量雾滴群电流并计算荷质比,采用SPSS软件分析3因素与雾滴荷质比之间的相关性,并用激光粒度仪测量雾滴粒径。最后,采用最优荷电雾化参数进行喷雾降尘试验。研究结果表明:各因素对荷电效果的影响次序为:电压>电极间距>电极环直径;雾滴粒径随电压的升高而减小,随电极间距的增大先增大后减小,随电极环直径的增大先减小后增大;当电压12 kV,电极间距2.5 cm,电极环直径6 cm时,超音速荷电水雾降尘效果最佳,与普通水雾降尘相比,全尘降尘效率提高12.4%,呼尘降尘效率提高49.6%。     

群孔爆扩中的安全问题

探索提高深孔药壶爆破中群孔爆扩安全的技术途径，根据深孔药壳爆破中存在的主要安全隐患，结合技术分析和现场实践进行分析。从设计和施工两方面提出了群孔爆破扩最小爆扩安全间距的校核方法和施工技术措施。对减少壶腔坍塌，贯通及其他事故隐患，提高群孔药壳爆扩施工中的安全性具有重要意义。     

天水市大气降尘组成特征及表面电性模拟研究

对甘肃省天水市麦积镇大气降尘粒度分布及主要矿物组成进行了分析,并以实际降尘ζ电位作为参照,根据降尘中主要矿物组成的质量百分比,提出了计算法和混合法两种模拟大气降尘在水溶液中表面电性的方法.结果表明,麦积地区大气降尘属于可吸入颗粒粒度尺寸范畴,其主要矿物组成与质量含量为：石英（57.08%）、方解石（27.79%）、钠长石（10.29%）、白云母（4.84%）. 大气降尘在纯水中呈电负性,且ζ电位随着水溶液pH增加而减小.通过对比实际降尘与拟合方法所得到的ζ电位,发现两种拟合方式与实际降尘的ζ电位具有相似的变化趋势.降尘中矿物组成主导着降尘表面电位的大小和变化趋势,其对降尘表面电位的贡献率是最主要的.