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351.
三门峡水利枢纽工程生态影响后评价   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
为推动生态影响后评价的实施,完善水利水电工程的全过程环境管理,在阐述三门峡水利枢纽工程所在区域生态环境现状的基础上,度量了研究区的植被净第一性生产力以及气候生产潜力,分析了水生态环境特征的变化,以及研究区生物多样性和致灾因子在水库建成蓄水前后的不同特征.分析结果表明,水库的建设与运行对局部区域植被净生产力有一定影响,并对水生态环境有不利影响。  相似文献   
352.
汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故树分析   总被引:21,自引:2,他引:19  
根据汛期尾矿坝溃坝的一些典型事例,概括出了导致尾矿坝溃坝的基本事件,应用事故树分析中的最小割集、最小径集及结构重要度,对汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故进行了研究,结果表明,可以选择由滑坡量大、超出正常设计的降雨、未采取有效的排洪措施、大于设计烈度的地震4个事件构成的最小径集作为控制汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故发生的途径,未采取有效的排洪措施是这一途径中的控制重点,可以通过修复或增设排洪设施,汛前降低库水位等措施来实现,这对指导尾矿坝防洪渡汛有重要意义。  相似文献   
353.
输气管道工程属于生态影响型建设项目。针对输气管道工程对环境的影响特点,对输气管道工程竣工环境保护验收调查程序、调查重点内容进行了探讨研究,提出了输气管道工程验收调查目前尚存在的问题和改进意见。  相似文献   
354.
尾矿坝的液化判别研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
概述尾矿坝液化试验判别的一般步骤,即根据《建筑抗震设计规范》中的初判条件对尾矿坝土层进行初判,在尾矿坝土层不满足初判的条件下,利用标准贯入试验对尾矿坝是否存在液化危害进行复判。影响尾矿料液化的因素很多,现有的液化判别方法过于繁琐,在综合考虑希德简化法和《构筑物抗震设计规范》提出的简化法的基础上,提出了一种主要考虑地震震级以及尾矿料的中值粒径、相对密度、静应力和尾矿料物理力学指标影响因素,并将其他影响因素综合为一个影响因素的简化判别法。以某个进行了标准贯入试验的尾矿坝为工程实例,采用简化判别法对该尾矿坝进行理论分析计算,并对试验和计算结果进行比较,得出理论分析结果与试验结果一致,表明该方法切实可行,可供类似工程参考。  相似文献   
355.
Abstract: This study used an innovative GIS/remote sensing approach to study historical river channel changes in the Huron River, a wandering gravel‐bedded river in northern Ohio. Eight sets of historical aerial photographs (1958‐2003) span the construction of a low‐head dam (1969), removal of the spillway (1994), and removal of the dam itself (2002). Construction of the dam modified stream gradients >4 km upstream of the small impounded reservoir. This study tracked changes in the polygon size, shape, and centroid position of 12 sand‐gravel bars through a study reach 0.2‐4.1 km upstream of the dam. These bars were highly responsive, tending to migrate obliquely downstream and toward the outer bank at rates up to 9 m/year. Historical changes in the size and position of the bars can be interpreted as the downstream translation of one or more sediment waves. Prior to dam construction, a sediment wave moved downstream through the study reach. Following construction of the dam, this sediment wave became stationary and degraded in situ by dispersion. The growth of bars throughout the study reach during this time interval resulted in a progressive increase in channel sinuosity. Removal of the spillway rejuvenated downstream translation of a sediment wave through the study reach and was followed by a reduction in channel sinuosity. These results illustrate that important geomorphologic changes can occur upstream of low‐head dams. This may be a neglected area of research about the effects of dams and dam removals.  相似文献   
356.
Abstract: This research investigates possible impacts of enlarged water body according to dam reconstruction on the hydrodynamics and water quality of the reservoir using a laterally averaged, two‐dimensional hydrodynamic and transport model, CE‐QUAL‐W2. The lake was formed by the artificial dam in 1983 for agricultural water supply and is currently under consideration of reconstruction so as to expand the volume of reservoir for flood control as well as water supply in downstream areas. To calibrate and validate the model, field‐collected data were compared with model predictions for water level fluctuations and water temperature during the years of 2001 (from January to December) and 2003 (from March to November). The model results showed a good agreement with field measurements both in calibration and verification. Utilizing the model, impacts of dam reconstruction on the thermal hydrodynamics and turbid current were predicted. From the model results, dam reconstruction limited the depth of thermal stratification below 10 meter and formed steep temperature gradient between epilimnion and hypolimnion. The restricted thermal stratification persisted up to the end of September. This result indicated that thermal stratification would become stronger during summer and stay longer after dam reconstruction. In addition, the restricted thermal stratification caused vertical circulation of water mixing lower than 10 meter and isolated the upper water layer from the lower water layer which increased the volume of hypolimnetic water with low temperature. The vertical circulation near the surface also mitigated propagation of density plume within the depth of 10 m which would remain the hypolimnetic water clean.  相似文献   
357.
This article aims to describe the influence of di use pollution on the temporal and spatial characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in a stratified dam reservoir, the Daecheong Dam, on the basis of intensive observation results and the dynamic water quality simulation using CE-QUAL-W2. Turbidity is regarded as a comprehensive representation of allochothonous organic matter from di use sources in storm season because the turbidity concentration showed reasonable significance in a statistical correlation with the UV absorbance at 254 nm and total phosphorus. CE-QUAL-W2 simulation results showed good consistency with the observed data in terms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) including refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) and labile DOC and also well explained the internal movement of constituents and stratification phenomenon in the reservoir. Instead turbidity and NOM were related well in the upper region of the reservoir according to flow distance, gradually as changing to dissolved form of organic matter, RDOM a ected organic matter concentration of reservoir water quality compared to turbidity. To control the increase of soluble organic matters in the dam reservoir, appropriate dam water discharge gate operation provided e ective measurement. Because of the gate operation let avoid the accumulation of organic matter within a dam reservoir by shorten of turbid regime retention time.  相似文献   
358.
在阐述建设项目验收监测作用的基础上,指出了验收监测存在的缺陷,并从节能减排的高度,提出了相应的对策。  相似文献   
359.
介绍了研制开发的油罐浮舱检查器的结构及试验情况,试验表明采用油罐浮舱检查器进行大型储油罐的浮舱检查,既提高了工作效率,又可避免人员中毒等事故的发生。  相似文献   
360.
利用泥石流及水库溃坝等方面的经验公式和数学模型,模拟了风水沟尾矿库溃坝后尾砂流的演进过程,并分别计算了坝高为160m和200m两种情景溃坝后尾砂流在下游典型断面处的最大下泄流量、到达时间、过流面积、淹没深度及其影响范围。结果表明:在距坝址1km范围内区域受尾砂流冲击负荷最强,随即最大流量迅速衰减,流量过程线趋于平缓;不同坝高的溃坝差异较大,坝高由160m增至200m,淹没深度大于1m的覆盖范围由2km扩大至3km。另外,针对溃坝事故提出了利用矿坑接纳尾砂流的风险防范措施,对同类尾矿库的工程设计和应急管理工作具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   
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