忠武输气管道榔坪河谷拦砂坝的优化设计

本文通过对忠武输气管道榔坪河谷山洪灾害特征及已建拦砂坝损毁原因的分析,对拦砂坝进行了合理的优化设计及稳定性分析,该研究可为拦砂坝的设计及类似灾害防治提供理论依据。     

电镀污染物排放标准在建设项目竣工环保验收监测中的应用——以印制电路板项目为例

通过实例对印制电路板项目电镀污染物排放进行剖析,从监测内容、监测结果与评价等主要环节就规范此类项目的环保验收监测要点进行了阐述.     

基于遥感信息的黄河中游水土流失敏感区淤地坝坝地资源特征研究

淤地坝是黄河中游黄土高原区水土流失防治的有效工程措施之一,在拦泥淤地、建设农田、巩固退耕还林（草）、改善生态环境等方面发挥了重要作用。基于WorldView-2、Google Earth、Bing、Sentinel-2多源遥感影像并结合实地淤地坝监测资料、NDVI和土地类型数据,本文完成了晋西南地区淤地坝坝地资源（数目、面积、位置、坝系、流域面积）的统计,并对其运行现状进行了评估。结果表明：截至2021年,晋西南地区淤地坝共计12167座,总面积达71.19 km²。规模上该区主要以小型淤地坝（＜0.015 km²）为主;空间上主要集中于中部的汾西县、洪洞县和浮山县地区,坝地数量和面积分别占总数量和面积的67.37%（8197座）和56.67%（40.35 km²）。目前,56.58%的淤地坝已经处于服务超限状态,平均超限5—10 a,其中,隰县、大宁县、汾西县、吉县和乡宁县地区淤地坝超限较为严重,60%以上的淤地坝已处于淤满状态。淤地坝的修建明显促进了黄土高原地区植被恢复、拦泥蓄容、建设耕地资源,但随着一些淤地坝的“淤满”,其生态和经济服务功能明显下降,并存在一定的潜在风险,亟需地方流域管理部门重视并采取有效措施。     

基于混合生命周期评价的不同坝型温室气体排放对比分析

为了研究不同坝型对环境造成的影响,采用混合生命周期评价方法定量分析并比较同规模的重力坝和堆石坝水电枢纽布置在全生命周期内的温室气体排放.研究基于糯扎渡工程实例,生命周期考虑材料设备生产阶段、运输阶段、施工阶段和运行维护阶段.结果表明:重力坝方案和堆石坝方案生命周期温室气体排放量分别为1145.49×104和815.85×104t(以CO2当量计),重力坝比堆石坝多排放40.4%.其中,重力坝在生产、运输和运行阶段的碳足迹比堆石坝大,但堆石坝在施工阶段的碳足迹比重力坝大.运行阶段的温室气体排放量占全生命周期碳足迹的比例最大,其次是材料设备生产阶段、施工阶段和运输阶段.糯扎渡水电工程的碳排放因子明显低于火电碳排放因子,合理开展水电建设,是实现我国"十二五"规划碳减排目标的有效途径.     

基于熵权法-TOPSIS的冶金企业作业循环更新研究

为更加合理、客观地制定安全操作规程更新周期,切实保障冶金工业人员作业安全,本文以安全管理原理和作业循环检查规范为依据,采用危险与可操作性分析方法(HAZOP),系统辨识某冶金高炉车间岗位人员操作行为;通过资料分析,建立典型操作程序信息表,选用风险发生次数、受伤程度、经济损失、作业次数4个指标作为综合评价依据;将熵权法与逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)结合,确定客观权重,并分析操作偏差危害程度与最劣方案的贴近程度,确定各操作规程更新周期为月检、季检、半年检、年检。结果表明:模型排序与现实情况相符,检查更新周期有效规范人员操作偏差,扩展作业循环分析规范的适用性。     

机场旅客行李托运差异化安检模式安全性研究*

为减少因违禁物品托运引发的不安全事件,基于原有安检模式,提出行李托运差异化安检模式,结合搜索-决策检查模型,建立系统错误报警及错误通过率公式,得到行李托运安检系统准确度-速度变化规律。结果表明:差异化安检模式一方面提高系统安全性,另一方面提升安检效率,节约安检资源。研究结果可为机场调整安检策略提供参考。     

水库大坝的社会与环境风险标准研究

对水库大坝进行风险评价时,涉及生命风险、经济风险及社会与环境风险标准.目前国际上关于社会与环境风险标准仍为空白.本文对社会与环境影响要素进行量化,再综合成社会与环境影响指数,并结合我国国情,借用F-N线法初步确定了我国的社会与环境风险标准.沙河集等6座水库的初步应用结果表明,该风险标准及其确定方法基本合理可行,可用于水库大坝风险评价.     

The influence of climate and dam construction on the Ibera wetlands, Argentina

The purpose of this work is to assess the impact on the Esteros del Ibera wetland ecosystem caused by the Yacyreta dam, a large hydroelectric power plant on the Parana River, Argentina, in comparison to other factors of environmental change. The project of the dam started around 1970. The power plant began operating in 1994. In 1989, the neighboring Ibera wetland ecosystem showed a substantial increase in the water level for which several different causes were conceivable, including climate change and the dam construction. We analyzed all existing hydrometeorological data and studied other changes that were observed in this ecosystem. A water balance model was used to analyze different scenarios. Increased groundwater inflow, generated since the construction of the dam, appears to be affecting the wetland more than any other factor. The study has implications for the assessment of global and regional consequences of building dams.

Assessing Potential Removal of Low-Head Dams in Urban Settings: An Example from the Ottawa River,NW Ohio

This is a study of the scientific component of an effort to restore an urban river by removing a low-head dam. The Secor Dam is owned by a local government entity near Toledo, Ohio. The proposed removal of the last structure impeding flow on the Ottawa River has broad appeal, but the owner is concerned about liability issues, particularly potential changes to the flood regime, the presence of contaminated sediments behind the dam, and possible downstream transport of reservoir sediments. Assessing sediment contamination involved sediment sampling and analysis of trace metals and organic contaminants. Forecasting sediment transport involved field methods to determine the volume and textural properties of reservoir and upstream sediment and calculations to determine the fate of reservoir sediments. Forecasting changes in the flood regime involved HEC-RAS hydrological models to determine before and after dam removal flood scenarios using LiDAR data imported into an ArcGIS database. The resulting assessment found potential sediment contamination to be minor, and modeling showed that the removal of the dam would have minimal impacts on sediment transport and flood hazards. Based on the assessment, the removal of the dam has been approved by its owners.     

浅谈两淮煤矿竣工环境保护验收调查

在分析两淮煤矿竣工验收环境影响调查特点的基础上,对调查的程序与内容、调查方法、评价分析手段等作一初步探讨.