大坝下游河段的河流生态径流调控研究

了分析大坝工程对河流径流情势的影响,以三峡大坝下游河段的宜昌站为例,计算了三峡坝下河段的生态水文季节、生态需水和其它径流情势特征参数。计算结果表明,长江宜昌江段枯水期为1~3月份、副汛期为4~6月份和10~12月份,而洪水期为7~9月份;枯水期、副汛期和洪水期的最小生态需量占同期来水总量分别为24%~27%、30%~50%和30%~45%;适宜的生态需水在枯水期、主汛期分别占同时期来水总量为30%~42%、50%~70%;四大家鱼和中华鲟产卵、繁殖期内的适宜生态流量范围分别为 6 540~12 700 m3/s 和 16 300~9 130 m3/s,大约占同时期来水总量的50%~70%;涨水次数平均值分别为5.3和3.4,落水次数平均值分别为50和5.1等,这为三峡水库在四大家鱼和中华鲟产卵、繁殖期内的调度提供了保护的依据。〖     

开车前安全审核（PSSR）的理解及运用

PSSR是基于对安全要求不断提高,对过程安全控制不断完善的目标下发展和建立起来的,其目的在于判定新改扩建项目及停运再投运的设备能否安全启动,是国外大多数高危行业过程管理中的一个必须的要素。本文通过对独石化公司1000万吨/年炼油及120万吨/年乙烯改扩建工程项目成功实施开车前安全审核（PSSR）进行总结,阐明了与以往开工前竣工验收的区别,运用中应注意的问题,以及成功实施PSSR的因素。为今后的其它新改扩建项目的顺利开工提供参考。     

上游式筑坝法尾矿坝的安全系数随堆筑坝高变化分析

对于投资较少的上游式尾矿筑坝法而言,在实际的堆积施工过程中,由于很难严格按照设计的坡比进行每一级子坝的堆筑,导致矿方无法及时、真正掌握当前尾矿坝的受力性能和稳定状态。因此,针对某典型尾矿坝剖面,采用迈达斯商业软件试用版对尾矿坝的堆积过程进行了模拟分析,利用强度折减有限元方法对施工当前状态的尾矿坝进行了边坡稳定分析,得到了当前状态尾矿坝的塑性剪应变云图和相对应的抗滑稳定安全系数。比较了尾矿坝安全系数随着子坝堆筑的变化情况,结果发现：随着堆积子坝的进行,尾矿坝的整体抗滑稳定系数逐渐减小,此外在初期坝和一级子坝的下游坡脚处容易出现相对较大的变形。此研究结果为矿部管理部门及时了解尾矿坝的稳定程度和实际生产提供了技术支持。     

课证融合模式下实训教学改革研究

课证融合模式就是将课程与职业资格证书相结合的教学模式,是对职业教学改革的探索。但当前存在的实训教学标准模糊、校企合作实训教学条件不足、教师队伍转型滞后、教材开发混乱等现象严重阻碍了课证融合模式的推行,职业院校应当从明确考核评价标准、改进培养方案、加大双师教师的引进和培养、科学开发实训教材等途径进行尝试,推进课证融合。     

Evolving Expectations of Dam Removal Outcomes: Downstream Geomorphic Effects Following Removal of a Small,Gravel‐Filled Dam1

Kibler, Kelly, Desiree Tullos, and Mathias Kondolf, 2011. Evolving Expectations of Dam Removal Outcomes: Downstream Geomorphic Effects Following Removal of a Small, Gravel‐Filled Dam. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00523.x Abstract: Dam removal is a promising river restoration technique, particularly for the vast number of rivers impounded by small dams that no longer fulfill their intended function. As the decommissioning of small dams becomes increasingly commonplace in the future, it is essential that decisions regarding how and when to remove these structures are informed by appropriate conceptual ideas outlining potential outcomes. To refine predictions, it is necessary to utilize information from ongoing dam removal monitoring to evolve predictive tools, including conceptual models. Following removal of the Brownsville Dam from the Calapooia River, Oregon, aquatic habitats directly below the dam became more heterogeneous over the short term, whereas changes further downstream were virtually undetectable. One year after dam removal, substrates of bars and riffles within 400 m downstream of the dam coarsened and a dominance of gravel and cobble sediments replaced previously hardpan substrate. New bars formed and existing bars grew such that bar area and volume increased substantially, and a pool‐riffle structure formed where plane‐bed glide formations had previously dominated. As the Brownsville Dam stored coarse rather than fine sediments, outcomes following removal differ from results of many prior dam removal studies. Therefore, we propose a refined conceptual model describing downstream geomorphic processes following small dam removal when upstream fill is dominated by coarse sediments.     

龙羊峡水库地震溃坝的可能性及溃坝洪灾程度的分析

讨论了龙羊峡库区将来发生大地震的可能性;分析了万一产生溃坝的灾害链问题。计算了其溃坝后洪水到达下游贵德县、康扬镇、尖扎县、循化县和兰州市的洪水最大流量、洪水起涨时间和消退时间。     

废水处理设施验收监测现场的质量控制

分析了废水处理设施验收监测现场存在的问题及原因，提出了验收监测现场的质控措施是正确理解和准确把握企业的生产工况、生产周期、排污周期，加强采样过程中的质量控制，保证处理设施运转正常和建立必要的回访制度。     

1种改进的流变模型在层状覆盖层坝基上的应用*

为了深入剖析深厚覆盖层中各层岩土体的流变性对大坝安全稳定的影响机理。探索新的流变元件模型H-KS以适应层状覆盖层坝基,借助Comsol建立数值模型,计算青湾坝安全稳定指标,分析坝基流变对大坝整体的影响。研究结果表明:对于岩性、物理力学性质差异较大的层状覆盖层坝基,采用H-KS流变模型能较好反应大坝应力、变形和渗流实际情况,与监测值对比,误差在5%以内;相比不考虑流变的模型而言,应力、变形分别增大了10%和15.7%,部分增量会影响大坝结构的安全稳定,应予以重视;流变导致大坝整体渗透性降低,粗细粒层孔隙水压力分别减小了约50%和2.5%,加速了流固耦合过程,对于重新评估大坝的渗透性有重要参考意义;由于流变性不同,深厚覆盖层中粗粒土层在变形、应力和渗流方面影响最大,细粒土的贡献相对较小,除了与岩性相关之外,还与土层所处位置、厚度等相关。研究结果可为层状覆盖层上的大坝安全稳定体系的建立提供理论支持。     

高应力条件下尾矿破碎特性及坝体稳定性研究*

高应力条件下尾矿破碎特性与坝体稳定性研究是高尾矿坝避免溃坝事故的重要参考。分析尾矿颗粒破碎过程中级配曲线的演化规律,提出采用BET测试颗粒比表面积以定量化表征颗粒破碎指标;在室内高应力三轴试验的基础上,阐述高应力条件下尾矿的力学行为,提出高应力条件下尾矿强度准则,并基于该准则对工程实例进行应用分析。结果表明:相比于常用破碎指标,从能量观点出发的BET法比表面积表征尾矿颗粒破碎更为合理;采用线性Mohr-Coulomb准则计算尾矿在低应力阶段的内摩擦角,采用幂函数Mohr强度准则计算尾矿在高应力阶段的内摩擦角;提出1套考虑高应力条件下尾矿强度折减的坝体稳定性分析方法,以供实际工程参考。     

SHOULD DAMS BE MODIFIED FOR THE PROBABLE MAXIMUM FLOOD?1

ABSTRACT: The probable maximum flood (PMF) currently serves as the design standard for many U.S. dams. Floods used for design have increased and currently thousands of dams in the U.S. would be overtopped and possibly fail using the latest calculated PMF at each dam site. Some researchers have suggested that modifying dams to accommodate the PMF could be wasteful. Objections to using the PMF for dam modification include: (1) larger spillway capacity may increase annual downstream flood losses, (2) benefit‐cost ratios may be low, (3) construction accidents associated with dam modification may cause fatalities, and (4) the dollar amount spent to save lives by making dams safer is often very high. Based on these objections, a procedure is presented for evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed dam modification. A change in spillway design policy is recommended. Accepting the status quo at a dam that cannot accommodate the PMF may be the best course of action.