城市垃圾填埋场安全稳定性分析

垃圾填埋场是一类特殊工程，其安全稳定性一直是研究的热点和难点。本文借鉴成熟的工程力学思想，将分析山谷型垃圾填埋体的安全稳定性转化为分析垃圾坝稳定性。利用已知的稳定填埋场边坡有关性状，反算出垃圾土可能最小综合内摩擦角，利用这个参数来计算填埋体在三种典型状态下对垃圾坝产生的最大作用力，从而来判断垃圾坝的稳定性。探索了一套分析山谷型填埋场填埋体稳定性的方法并提出了两个公式，对于该类型垃圾填埋场建设具有指导作用。     

基于灰色马尔科夫模型的机场安检危险品数量预测

机场安检的危险品数量具有动态、随机、非线性等特点,传统的GM(1,1)模型无法对其作出准确的预测。利用灰色GM(1,1)模型对2014年1—5月所查获的危险品数量进行计算、检验,并对6—8月的危险品数量进行预测。首先建立危险品数量的GM(1,1)模型,然后再对其预测值进行修正,结果表明,灰色马尔科夫模型的平均相对误差比灰色预测模型的平均相对误差减小了25.18%,表明灰色马尔科夫模型比单一的灰色预测模型的精度高,该模型是有效可行的,可为航空公司6—8月将要查获的危险品数量预测提供理论基础,以便引起相关部门的高度重视,并采取相应措施以保障旅客安全。     

Development of an Earthen Dam Break Database

Earthen embankment dams comprise 85% of all major operational dams in the United States. Assessment of peak flow rates for these earthen dams and the impacts on dam failure are of high interest to engineers and planners. Regression analysis is a frequently used risk assessment approach for earthen dams. In this paper, we present a decision support tool for assessing the applicability of nine regression equations commonly used by practitioners. Using data from 108 case studies, six parameters were observed to be significant factors predicting for peak flow as a metric for risk analysis. We present our work on an expanded earthen dam break database that relates the regression equations and underlying data. A web application, regression selection tool, is also presented to assess the appropriateness of a given model for a given test point. This graphical display allows users to visualize how their data point compares with the data used for the regression equation. These contributions improve estimates and better inform decision makers regarding operational and safety decisions.     

基于模糊网络分析法的机场旅客安检系统保障能力评估

为评估机场旅客安检系统的保障能力,并针对评估过程中存在的不确定性和指标中影响因素之间的不独立性,采用模糊网络分析法(Fuzzy-ANP)建立系统评估模型。在综合考虑安检影响因素的前提下,从人、机、环、管四方面建立了机场旅客安检系统保障能力评估指标体系。以某机场为例,应用模型进行实证分析得出结论,影响该机场旅客安检系统保障能力的主要因素为员工工作量、员工心理状况和设备完好率。研究表明,评价结果与该机场实际运营状况相符合,该方法能更好地满足机场运营安全管理的实际要求。     

深溪沟电站大坝强震监测系统设计及应用

强震监测是大坝安全监测的重要内容之一,强震监测成果对大坝的安全性和稳定性分析有重要作用。本文根据水电站枢纽工程实际对深溪沟水库大坝强震监测系统设计开展研究,并对仪器的性能指标和数据采集处理分析软件进行了全面阐述。通过深溪沟水电站建设大坝强震监测系统的运行实践,大坝强震监测系统可以在地震发生后短时间内自动获取强震动加速度记录,储存地震波数据,并显示大坝坝体各测点的地震反应过程。强震监测结果进一步验证了设计烈度,为判定震后大坝安全性提供了支持。     

MATHEMATICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE TOCCOA FALLS,GEORGIA, DAM-BREAK FLOOD1

ABSTRACT: Four dam-break models were selected for testing with an observed data set from the November 6, 1977, disaster at Toccoa Falls, Georgia. The Kelly Barnes Dam failure occurred with a 35-ft head of water and produced a peak discharge of 23,000 ft³/s. The selected models included: (1) Modified Puls (MP), (2) U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Gradually Varied Unsteady Flow Profiles (USTFLO), (3) National Weather Service's Dam-Break Flood Forecast (DBFF), and (4) U. S. Geological Survey's method of characteristics (MOC) coupled with a general purpose streamflow simulation (J879DB). Achieving a successful simulation was easiest with the MP model. The DBFF model required a moderate effort while the MOC-J879DB models required some data alterations and considerable effort. The USTFLO model failed to simulate this test case. In the stream segment near the dam, the computed peak stages were generally within 5 feet of the observed high water marks. Elsewhere, the peak stage results were much better, generally within 2 feet. The peak discharges computed by the models were generally within 20 percent of discharges estimated by slope area and contracted opening measurements, except near the dam where the MOC-J879DB model's results was 80 percent too high.     

国家实验室认可与环境监测

《全国环境监测条例》（征求意见稿）及《全国环境监测工作“十五”计划纲要》（讨论稿）以及《水和废水监测分析方法》（第四版）中均提出在全国环境监测系统内实行实验室认可。我国进入WTO后,形势也要求各检测机构必须进行实验室认可后,方能进入市场化的国际、国内检测市场。本文介绍了我国加入WTO后,各检测机构、环境监测站所面临的机遇及挑战,介绍了 认可对检测机构的重要性和必要性,并对实验室认可的评审步骤、评审内容进行了简单的介绍。     

CHANNEL CHANGES DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM1

ABSTRACT: A flood-control dam was completed during 1979 on Bear Creek, a small tributary stream to the South Platte River in the Denver, Colorado, area. Before and after dam closure, repetitive surveys between 1977 and 1992 at five cross sections downstream of the dam documented changes in channel morphology. During this 15-year period, channel width increased slightly, but channel depth increased by more than 40 percent. Within the study reach, stream gradient decreased and median bed material sizes coarsened from sand in the pools and fine gravel on the rime to a median coarse gravel throughout the reach. The most striking visual change was from a sparse growth of streamside grasses to a dense growth of riparian woody vegetation.     

TWO-DIMENSIONAL DAM-BREAK FLOOD-FLOW ANALYSIS FOR ORANGE COUNTY RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: A two-dimensional dam-break model was used to predict the inundated area on an alluvial fan downslope from the Orange County Reservoir. The model is based upon a diffusion form of the continuity and momentum equations for long waves in shallow water, and the governing equation is solved by an explicit numerical scheme. In a comparison with a one-dimensional model, the two-dimensional model predicts a wider inundated area.     

关于非生产类行业验收监测中工况核查的探讨

简述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测时工况核查的重要性和存在的问题。根据相关标准规范要求和实践经验,对仓储、污水处理、危废集中处置项目等非生产性行业验收监测中的工况核查展开了讨论,提出应完善相关的实施程序和技术规范,使得工况核查有据可依;工况核查差异对待、区别思考以及进一步提高监测人员的工况核查水平等建议,为今后开展此类验收监测工况核查提供借鉴。