生活垃圾焚烧项目竣工环保验收自查要点探讨

简述了生活垃圾焚烧项目的行业特点,指出,验收自查是整个验收工作的基础也是最重要的环节。提出,应以《建设项目竣工环境保护验收技术指南污染影响类》为依据,从自查依据、自查方式、自查内容以及对自查结果的处理几方面做好项目验收自查工作,确保验收工作的顺利开展,为项目验收提供参考和保障。     

历史上的一次溃决洪水--1482年沁河流域大洪水

据沁河流域九女台洪水题刻水位及相关历史文献记载,沁河流域1482年洪水洪峰流量极大,历时甚长,与该流域一般洪水过程的差异迥然.通过地貌调查,并利用14C测年等方法,对沁河九女台河段进行了详细研究,发现其1482年高洪水位是梯沟口泥石流-崩塌堆积物堰塞沁河主河道的结果.当年由于降雨,使梯沟流域发生泥石流,并导致沟口右岸岩壁崩塌,形成堰塞坝,造成沁河河道阻塞,过水断面减小,九女台附近河段水位壅高,并保持了近40天的时间,堰塞坝最终溃决,导致沁河下游怀庆府发生严重的洪水灾害.     

开展新的安全监察模式探讨

安全稽查的运作突破常规的安全检查方式,本文介绍开展安全稽查工作的运做情况,通过安全稽查实时反映出施工的具体实际情况,取得了直接的、第一手资料,纠正施工人员侥幸心理,有效控制习惯性违章的行为,促使其落实好各项安全措施,减少事故隐患,杜绝事故发生.     

BRINGING DOWN OUR DAMS: TRENDS IN AMERICAN DAM REMOVAL RATIONALES1

ABSTRACT: Over 76,000 dams have been constructed on American rivers to provide services such as flood protection, water storage, hydroelectric power, and navigation. Although most dams continue to provide sufficient benefits to retain the structure, dam removal is becoming increasingly common. This study involved the construction of a dam removal database to analyze spatial and temporal trends in dam removal. The data included information on 417 cases of dismantled American dams, 153 with known rationales for removal. Database analysis indicated that the leading purposes for dismantling structures are safety concerns and interest in environmental restoration. There is substantial geographic variability in dam removal rationales, with California leading in razing dams for environmental purposes, and Wisconsin leading in economic and safety rationales. States with substantial removals tend to have programs that support and fund dam razing. Although removals for safety reasons have been increasing steadily in the past three decades, environmental removals made a rather dramatic and sudden entry into the dam removal arena in the 1990s. Analysis of spatial and temporal trends in dam razing are of particular significance given the likely increase in dam removals in the 21st Century.     

ASSESSMENT USING GIS AND SEDIMENT ROUTING OF THE PROPOSED REMOVAL OF BALLVILLE DAM,SANDUSKY RIVER,OHIO1

ABSTRACT: The proposed removal of Ballville Dam was assessed by (1) using a new Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based method for calculating reservoir sediment storage, (2) evaluating sediment properties and contamination from core data, and (3) assessing downstream impacts from sediment routing calculations. A 1903 (pre‐dam) map was manipulated using GIS to recreate the reservoir bathymetry at time of dam construction and used in combination with a detailed 1993 bathymetric survey to calculate sediment volumes and thickness. Reservoir sediment properties and geochemistry were determined from 14 sediment vibracores. Annual sedimentation rates varied from 1.7 to 4.3 g/cm²/yr based on Cesium‐137 (¹³⁷Cs) and Lead‐210 (²¹⁰Pb) geochronology and dated flood layers. The pore fluid geochemistry (Ba, Co, Cu, Mn) of four cores showed surficial enrichments in Cu, while Co and Mn show secondary peaks within the sediments. GIS calculations showed that a designed channel through the former reservoir able to accommodate the 10 percent Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) would require removing approximately 0.35 million m³ of sediment (27 percent of the reservoir fill), either by dredging at a cost of up to $6.3 million or by releasing fine grained sediment downstream. A sediment routing model was applied for the critical 6 km downstream using four cross sections. The sediment routing model predicts that, for flows exceeding minimum Mean Daily Flow (1924 to 1998 data), greater than 90 percent of this sediment would be transported through downstream reaches into Lake Erie (Sandusky Bay).     

基于最大Lyapunov指数分析的尾矿坝浸润线控制混沌方法

为了改善尾矿坝浸润线状况，提出了一种控制混沌方法。该方法对时间序列叠加一个周期振动，通过最大Lyapunov指数分析，来判别叠加前后系统混沌特性的变化，进而实现控制混沌。应用这种方法，分析了银山铅锌矿尾矿坝浸润线实测数据。结果表明，叠加周期振动可以降低最大Lyapunov指数。最大Lyapunov指数的降低程度与振动周期成负相关，与振幅成正相关。采用控制混沌方法，即对尾矿排放、库水位调节、排渗、不同尾矿库的使用等措施进行周期性控制，可以提高尾矿坝安全度，实现尾矿坝科学管理。中还以防洪高度为例，具体分析了尾矿坝工程中的控制混沌，表明该方法在应用上是可行的。     

基于PSO-AHP的大坝致灾因子权重计算

提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化-层次分析法(SELPSO-AHP)的致灾因子权重计算模型,该模型依据大坝现场检测、原型监测和安全定期检查等成果,由层次分析法构建大坝风险分析的层次结构体系。为保证判断矩阵的一致性,引入改进粒子群算法和罚函数法用于层次分析法的权值计算,取得了比遗传算法更精确、更稳定的结果。将所建立的模型用于某混凝土重力坝的运行风险分析,得到了影响该坝运行风险的主要因素,为保障大坝安全提供了依据。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测点位、监测因子及监测频次的确定

概述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测点位的布设、监测因子的选择及监测频次的确定。     

对几种大气环境预测方法的评估

本文根据石家庄市的常规气象资料和混合层高度,用不同的计算模式和计算方法对本市特征污染因子SO_4的长期平均浓度进行计算,把计算结果与实测浓度比较并进行误差分析,对每种计算方法进行评价,最后讨论了各种计算方法的特点及在城市大气环境预测中的实用性.     

The Effects of Small Dam Removal on the Distribution of Sedimentary Contaminants

With increasing concern over degradation of aquatic resources, issues of liability, and maintenance costs, removal of small dams has become increasing popular. Although the benefits of removal seem to outweigh the drawbacks, there is a relative paucity of studies documenting the extent and magnitude of biological and chemical changes associated with dam removal, especially those evaluating potential changes in contaminant inventories. In August and November of 2000, a run-of-the-river dam on Manatawny Creek (southeast Pennsylvania) was removed in a two-stage process. To assess the effects of dam removal on the contaminant redistribution within the creek, sedimentary concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were evaluated prior to and several months after removal. Pre- and post-removal analyses revealed elevated and spatially variable concentrations of total PAHs (ranging from approximately 200 to 81,000 ng(g dry weight) and low to moderate concentrations of trace metals and PCBs. The concentrations of these sedimentary contaminants pre- versus post-removal were not significantly different. Additionally, though the impoundment received storm water run-off and associated contaminants from the adjacent city of Pottstown, the total inventory of fine-grain sediments in the impoundment prior to removal was very low. The removal of the low-level Manatawny Creek dam did not significantly redistribute contaminants downstream. However, each dam removal should be assessed on a case by case basis where the potential of sedimentary contaminant redistribution upon dam removal exists.