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101.
采用3种铁基吸附剂(FeSO4•7H2O、针铁矿、Fe0)和铝基吸附剂(Al(OH)3),对某起爆药污染场地土壤中锑(Sb)进行稳定化处理,通过等温吸附实验、批量浸出实验、比表面积测定以及BCR分析,研究了铁、铝单一和混合吸附剂的稳定化效果以及稳定化前后土壤比表面积及Sb形态的变化.结果表明:不同铁基吸附剂对Sb的等温吸附符合Freundlich模型,FeSO4 (log Kf= 5.85)的吸附能力明显高于Fe0 (log Kf = 3.21)和针铁矿(log Kf = 4.32);稳定时间为10d的条件下,不同铁基吸附剂对Sb的稳定化效率随添加量的增大而提高,且10%FeSO4(97.1%) > 10% Fe0(72.3%) > 针铁矿(41.0%);FeSO4的添加明显促进了土壤中Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出,达到原土壤浸出浓度的1990.2、2.8倍和21.6倍,添加Al(OH)3后能够显著降低Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出浓度,添加量为4%时,稳定化效率分别达到93.8%(Zn)、93.5%(Cu)和98.3%(Pb);5%FeSO4和4% Al(OH)3混合吸附剂对Sb及Zn、Cu、Pb的综合稳定化效率最好,处理10d后稳定化效率最高可达94.6%、74.2%、82.2%和97.6%;进一步分析表明,混合吸附剂添加后比表面积能够达到原土壤的1.31~1.67倍,残渣态Sb比例增加0.037~0.197倍,与稳定化效果相一致,表明铁铝混合吸附剂是处理起爆药污染场地复合重金属污染土壤的有效途径. 相似文献
102.
Gulnara M. Shaydullina Natalya A. Sinikova Albert T. Lebedev 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(1):1-5
Ozone, chlorine and sodium hypochlorite are commonly used as disinfecting agents for drinking water production. The reaction pathways of ozonation and chlorination of o-methoxybenzoic acid in aqueous solution were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that less than 1% of o-methoxybenzoic acid remains in reaction. The final major products using ozone oxidation are oxalic and glyoxalic acids. Phenols appear only at insufficient ozone levels. Sodium hypochlorite leads to higher levels of primary products. Molecular chlorine leads to the formation of higher amounts of polychlorinated derivatives. Model experiments allow to propose schemes of o-methoxybenzoic acid transformation under the conditions simulating water treatment processes. 相似文献
103.
采用阳离子聚合物的表面活性剂作浮选剂,能增强气泡与絮粒的粘附能力,提高气浮分离效果,用该浮选剂对南充炼油厂的南阳油田稠油污水进行处理,去浊率达到90%左右,处理效果与美国埃克森公司产3390浮选剂相当。 相似文献
104.
Experimental design and response surface methodology(RSM) were used to optimize the modification of conditions for glass surface grafting with acrylamide(AM) monomer for preparation of a glass fiber reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) composite membrane(GFRP-CM). The factors considered for experimental design were the UV(ultraviolet)-irradiation time, the concentrations of the initiator and solvent, and the kinds and concentrations of the silane coupling agent. The optimum operating conditions determined were UV-irradiation time of 25 min, an initiator concentration of 0–0.25 wt.%,solvent of N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAC), and silane coupling agent KH570 with a concentration of 7 wt.%. The obtained optimal parameters were located in the valid region and the experimental confirmation tests conducted showed good accordance between predicted and experimental values. Under these optimal conditions, the water absorption of the grafted modified glass fiber was improved from 13.6% to 23%; the tensile strength was enhanced and the peeling strength of the glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane was improved by 23.7% and 32.6% with an AM concentration at 1 wt.% and 2 wt.%. The surface composition and microstructure of AM grafted glass fiber were studied via several techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The analysis of the EDX and FTIR-ATR results confirmed that the AM was grafted to the glass fiber successfully by detecting and proving the existence of nitrogen atoms in the GFRP-CM. 相似文献
105.
为了探讨在光催化分解水(下称光解水)制氢反应中含苯有机废水作为牺牲剂的可行性,以光沉积法制备了Pd/TiO2〔w(Pd)为0.5%〕模型催化剂,并且通过XRD(X射线衍射)、BET(N2物理吸附)、TEM(透射电镜)、XPS(X射线光电子能谱)和UV-vis DRS(紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱)等表征手段考察了催化剂的微观结构及性质, 使用泊菲莱Labsolar-Ⅲ AG系统评价了苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯三甲酸作为牺牲剂的光催化性能. 结果表明:引入的Pd以Pb0和Pb2+高度分散在TiO2基底表面,未改变TiO2的晶体结构;与TiO2相比,Pd/TiO2具有更大的比表面积、更小的孔径和更强的光吸收性能. 苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯三甲酸光解水产氢速率分别为4.264、6.429和5.400 mmol/(g·h),分别为空白处理〔无牺牲剂,0.733 mmol/(g·h)〕的5.8、8.8、7.4倍. 依据乙酸和三氟乙酸的光解水产氢速率数据及结构特征,初步探讨了苯甲酸参与价带空穴氧化反应的机理,发现光解水产氢速率的大小与苯甲酸牺牲剂的还原性强弱、羧基个数以及空间位阻有关,表现为牺牲剂发生photo-Kolbe脱羧反应越容易、羰基数目越多、空间位阻越小,其光解水产氢速率越高. 未来应进一步探寻高效、稳定的模型牺牲剂,以应用于氢能源生产研究. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
3种刺激性化学战剂对鱼类的急性毒性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用国际通用鱼种斑马鱼(Brachydaniorerio)及中国特有鱼种稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocyprisrarus)2种试验生物,对二苯氰胂、二苯氯胂、苯氯乙酮3种化学战剂进行了静态及半静态2种方式的急性毒性测试.结果表明,对于不稳定受试物,半静态试验方式更能满足对浓度的质量控制要求;对于鱼类,这3种化学战剂均属于极高毒性水平;这3种化学战剂对于鱼类的急性毒性程度不同,二苯氰胂、二苯氯胂的毒性在同一水平,其中二苯氯胂毒性略强些,苯氯乙酮较另2种物质的毒性弱一个量级,比较2种鱼类的试验结果得出,稀有鮈鲫与斑马鱼敏感性相似. 相似文献
109.
介绍了一个采用螯合沉淀法处理电镀废水的典型工业实例。在工业装置上,进行了氢氧化钠、硫化钠和DT-CR去除重金属离子效果的对比,讨论了DTCR的加入量与处理成本的关系和pH值对DTCR用量的影响。结果表明,将废水的pH值调至8.0~8.5后再加DTCR,可以使DTCR的使用量最少,处理成本最低;此法对重金属离子的去除效果远优于传统化学沉淀法。 相似文献
110.
Silvana Salerno Riccardo Tartaglia Sauro Garzi Andrea Biagioni Giovanni Rulli Bruno Maggi 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):97-106
The aim of this research is the application of the Method of Organizational Congruencies before and after the substitution of organic solvents with vegetable agents for the cleaning of an offset printing machine in order to assess the organizational changes. A solvent-free process is the goal of the Subsprint Project (Technology Transfer Program of the European Community). This, study shows how human and environmental health is improved by using vegetable agents, though this change may lead to some other organizational constraints such as an increase of tbe time needed, monotony, and repetitiveness of the technical actions involved. The authors underline that the knowledge of the impact of the new technology on health helps a better understanding of the resistance to the change and its further amelioration. 相似文献