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131.
Rainer W. Sieke Günter Lippke Alfred Krippendorf Rainer Haas Sven Lüdtke 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1998,5(4):199-201
The new technology of Plasmazon® uses the extremely strong oxidation of radicals to break up the compocunds of organic connections, e.g. chemical warfare agents like Clark I. In making a comparison of oxidation to normal ozone, the factor of the Plasmazon® -technology is available up to 103. The investigation in an experimental test shows that it is possible to destroy the warfare agent character of Clark I. As the possibility of a large-lot application this technology is the method of choice for other chemical or biological warfare agents. 相似文献
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Disinfection by-products(DBPs), formed from the reactions of disinfectants with natural organic matter and halides in drinking water, were considered to be cytotoxic and genotoxic, and might trigger various cancers. The relatively low concentration of DBPs in finished water(low μg/L or even ng/L levels) and the interference from water matrix inhibited in situ determination of DBPs. Moreover, the further formation and degradation of DBPs by disinfectants during the holding time(several hours to s... 相似文献
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Review of measured concentrations of triphenyltin compounds in marine ecosystems and meta-analysis of their risks to humans and the environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The state of scientific knowledge regarding analytical methods, environmental fate, ecotoxicity and ecological risk of triphenyltin (TPT) compounds in marine ecosystems as well as their exposure and health hazard to humans was reviewed. Since the 1960s, TPT compounds have been commonly applied as biocides for diverse industrial and agricultural purposes. For instance, they are used as active ingredients in antifouling systems on marine vessels and mariculture facilities, and as fungicides in agriculture. Due to their intensive use, contamination of coastal waters by TPT and its products of transformation has become a worldwide problem. The proportion of quantified TPT to total phenyltin compounds in the marine environment provides evidence that TPT is photodegradable in water and sediment but resistant to biotransformation. Concentrations of TPT in marine biota are consistently greater than concentrations in water and sediment, which implies potential of TPT to bioaccumulate. TPT is toxic to both marine plants and animals. The predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for TPT, as determined by use of the species sensitivity distribution approach, is 0.64 ng L−1. In some parts of the world, concentrations of TPT in seawater exceed the PNEC, indicating that TPT can pose risks to marine life. Although there is negligible risk of TPT to average human consumers, TPT has been detected in blood of Finnish people and the concentration was greater in fishermen who ate more seafood. It is, therefore, advocated to initiate regular monitoring of TPT in blood and breast milk of populations that consume greater amounts of seafood. 相似文献
136.
设计三因素三水平实验并采用响应面优化法对反应适宜的实验参数进行了优化.选择温度、供氧条件和反应时间作为菌剂制备的可控因素,选择温度、菌剂投加量和木屑投加量(水分调节)作为菌剂处理厨余垃圾的可控因素,研究菌剂制备与处理垃圾的优化工艺参数.研究结果表明,菌剂的最优制备条件为:温度35℃、间歇震荡、培养108 h,按重量百分比为碎花生壳∶刨花∶鱼骨粉∶麸皮∶菌体=2∶1∶1∶1∶1比例制得的固体菌剂具有较高的活性.菌剂处理厨余垃圾的响应面优化法分析结果表明,当温度为45℃,菌剂投加量为6%,木屑投加量为30%时,厨余垃圾的减量率最大,2d降解率可达40%. 相似文献
137.
一种新型复合除砷材料的制备及其性能 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
将锆的水合氧化物固载于大孔螯合树脂D401上制备出一种新型除砷材料,并研究了不同实验条件下复合吸附剂D401-Zr对水溶液中As(V)的吸附性能。研究结果表明,在pH<5.2时D401-Zr对As(V)都具有较强的吸附性能;其吸附等温线与Langmuir吸附模型具有较高的吻合度;吸附动力学研究表明,D401-Zr对砷的吸附均遵循二级动力学方程;竞争吸附实验表明,与SO24-、Cl-共存时,D401-Zr对砷的去除率大于90%,而与PO34-、F-竞争离子共存时,其去除率明显下降。 相似文献
138.
Most metal hydrides are pyrophoric and water-reactive. Summaries of metal hydride fire incidents are presented to illustrate ignition scenarios, threats to personnel and equipment, and fire suppression experiences. Met-L-X™, a sodium chloride-based, certified, Class D fire suppression agent, has successfully extinguished some metal hydride fires by coating the hydride and excluding air access. However, the still hot hydride is prone to re-ignition upon surface disturbance, such as may be necessary during disposal. Previously reported testing of various Class D agents and moist sand for sodium hydride fires is reviewed here along with certification and ad hoc testing of existing Class D agents and recent testing of a new candidate Class D agent. Hydride explosibility testing is also briefly summarized. Additional fire and explosibility tests, as well as suppression agent reactivity evaluations, are recommended. 相似文献
139.
厨余垃圾堆肥蓬松剂技术研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
为解决厨余垃圾好氧堆肥过程中含水率高、有机物含量大等问题,分别添加锯末、树叶、秸杆和干马粪为蓬松剂进行厨余堆肥技术研究。采用翻转式堆肥设备,利用出口气体检测仪、温度计及扫描电镜,研究添加蓬松剂堆肥过程中耗氧速率,温度,出口CO2、H2S、O2浓度,堆料结构及微生物群落变化。试验结果表明,添加蓬松剂堆肥,堆料所能达到的高温及其停留时间、好氧速率、产CO2气体能力均明显优于对照组,并能很好地控制出口H2S气体浓度。特别是以干马粪和锯末作为蓬松剂,可明显改善堆料孔隙率,吸收多余水分,加速氧和有机物的传输速率,改善好氧堆肥微环境。因此,厨余垃圾堆肥过程中加入干马粪、锯末等蓬松剂是保证堆肥顺利进行、提高堆肥效率的有效方法。 相似文献
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