螯合树脂去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中的二价阳离子

采用氨基膦酸螯合树脂C-900去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中的二价阳离子,考察了吸附温度和废水流量对树脂动态吸附性能的影响,并用Thomas模型进行动态吸附数据的拟合分析。实验结果表明,在吸附温度为35℃、废水流量为15SV的条件下,处理后出水中3种二价阳离子总质量浓度为1.0mg/L时的穿透体积为240BV,达到穿透体积时树脂对Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,Cu²⁺的去除率分别为100%,99.2%,99.8%。     

Feasibility of vermicomposting dairy biosolids using a modified system to avoid earthworm mortality

Abstract

A laboratory study was conducted to examine the feasibility of vermicomposting dairy biosolids (dairy sludge), either alone or with either of the bulking agents ‐ cereal straw or wood shavings, using the epigeic earthworm ‐ Eisinea andrei. Earthworms added directly to these three substrates died within 48 hours. A system was developed to overcome the toxic effect of unprocessed dairy biosolids. The substrates were placed over a layer of vermicomposted sheep manure into which the earthworms were inoculated. Within two weeks, all earthworms were within the upper layer of substrate. Compared to sheep manure which is a favourable substrate for vermicomposting, the three substrates containing dairy biosolids were more effective in supporting earthworm growth and reproduction. The final products obtained after 63 days of vermicomposting had 39–53% less organic carbon than the initial substrates. Organic fractionation indicated that vermicomposting increased the stability of the materials to biological decomposition. The vermicomposts obtained from the three substrates with dairy biosolids had low heavy metal contents and electrical conductivities, and did not inhibit plant growth when compared with a commercial vermicompost in a bioassay.     

生物修复剂在清除海滩石油污染中的应用

介绍了生物修复石油污染海滩时常用的修复剂类型及其特点.当实验室环境条件能较好控制时,生物强化剂一般是有效的;然而污染现场得出的证据不能表明其对生物降解有促进作用.实验室和现场的研究均表明营养型生物促进剂能有效促进石油的生物降解.水溶性营养易被波浪和潮汐冲刷掉;缓释型营养盐面临的主要挑战是如何控制其释放速率,以保证孔隙水中能较长时间维持理想的营养浓度;亲油型肥料中含有有机碳,有可能在微生物降解石油之前被优先降解.建议根据污染环境的特点选用适合的生物促进剂.     

国内外重金属废水处理新技术的研究进展

有毒重金属对环境的严重威胁正逐渐成为全球性问题,着重综述了近年来国内外重金属污染处理技术的研究与进展。除了改进传统的化学、物理方法外,各种廉价高吸附性能的吸附剂、新型可选择性重金属捕集剂都是研究的焦点。特别是随着生物技术的发展,利用功能菌和植物处理含重金属污染已取得相当成效,并在工业上进行了实际应用。研究和发展新型天然吸附剂、重金属捕集剂和生物技术,加强多种技术的综合应用,是治理重金属污染的有效途径。     

天然高分子絮凝剂及其在水处理的应用

天然高分子絮凝剂具有传统絮凝剂和其他合成聚合物不具备的优点,现已得到国内外的广泛重视。概括了以淀粉、壳聚糖、木质素和植物胶为原料改性而成的天然高分子有机絮凝剂的研究与应用概况,并对它们在废水处理中的应用和发展进行了综述。     

用螯合树脂研究光解作用对水中铝形态的影响

本文对用螯合树脂分离水中无机铝和有机铝的方法、螯合树脂的制备及其对无机铝的交换进行了探讨。结果表明,水体中的有机铝在紫外光照射下能分解为无机铝,其分解速度随光照时间的增加而增加。由于无机单聚体铝对鱼类有致毒作用,因此,光解作用的结果使水体中铝的毒性增加。     

Evaluation of Electrokinetic Remediation of Arsenic-contaminated Soils

The potential of electrokinetic (EK) remediation technology has been successfully demonstrated for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated fine-grained soils through laboratory scale and field application studies. Arsenic contamination in soil is a serious problem affecting both site use and groundwater quality. The EK technology was evaluated for the removal of arsenic from two soil samples; a kaolinite soil artificially contaminated with arsenic and an arsenic-bearing tailing-soil taken from the Myungbong (MB) gold mine area. The effectiveness of enhancing agents was investigated using three different types of cathodic electrolytes; deionized water (DIW), potassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The results of the experiments on the kaolinite show that the potassium phosphate was the most effective in extracting arsenic, probably due to anion exchange of arsenic species by phosphate. On the other hand, the sodium hydroxide seemed to be the most efficient in removing arsenic from the tailing-soil. This result may be explained by the fact that the sodium hydroxide increased the soil pH and accelerated ionic migration of arsenic species through the desorption of arsenic species as well as the dissolution of arsenic-bearing minerals.     

Improved Cu and Zn sorption on oxidized wheat lignocellulose

We studied the effect an oxidizing treatment of a lignocellulosic substrate, extracted from wheat bran, on the sorption of Cu and Zn. Oxidizing agents, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) or sodium periodate (NaIO₄), creates oxygenated functions, e.g. alcohol and carboxylic acid, which increase the density of functional sites and the binding capacity of lignocellulose towards copper and zinc. We found that the treatment with KMnO₄ is the most efficient, with an increase of about 30–40% metal ion binding, compared to 15–25% using NaIO₄. The investigation of the oxidation process shows that the efficiency of KMnO₄ can be attributed to its affinity towards insaturated double bonds of lignin entities. Oxidized lignocellulose is thus a promising, efficient, and cheap biomaterial for the decontamination of wastewater.     

赤潮防治剂对中国对虾的毒性研究

为研究赤潮防治剂对中国对虾的影响,进行了粘土、Ｃａ（ＣＩＯ）２、ＡＩＣＩ３、ＦｅＣＩ３对中国对虾的毒性实验。结果表明：（１）粘土对对虾基本无毒性;（２）Ｃａ（ＣＩＯ）２在低浓度下对对虾无毒,在高浓度下对对虾有急性和慢性毒性;（３）ＡＩＣＩ３和ＦｅＣＩ３在对虾体内有一定的积累,但其毒性效应有待于进一步分析。