Pathways for the oxidation of sarin in urban atmospheres

The nerve agent sarin has recently been deployed by terrorists in a major city. The molecule is volatile and made its way to many victims by passing as vapor through a highly reactive medium. Here we estimate rates and pathways for the removal of gas phase sarin from a generalized urban atmosphere. Only information from the open scientific literature is used. By structure reactivity comparisons with the organophosphorus pesticides, hydroxyl radical hydrogen abstraction may occur in as little as one hour. Decomposition of side chains after hydroxyl attack leads to organic oxygenates which preserve the phosphonofluoridate and so toxicity. The aqueous aerosol surface is contacted in minutes and offers access to a range of dissolved nucleophiles. Substitution displaces the fluoride leaving group, giving safe phosphoric acid analogs. Because of uncertainties in the electron distribution and in aqueous decay mechanisms, the time constants must be viewed as lower limits.     

重金属螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定化技术研究

进行了垃圾焚烧飞灰的新型稳定化药剂－－重金属螯合剂的实验室研究,探讨了本螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定化工艺流程及处理效果。结果表明,本螯合剂夺悄灰中重金属的总捕集效率高达９７％以上,其效果显著优于无机稳定化药剂Ｎａ２Ｓ和石灰,且处理后的飞灰能达到重金属废物的填埋控制标准,同时,其处理后的飞灰的最大浸出量远低于无机稳定化药剂处理后的飞灰,且能在较宽的ｐＨ范围内都具有好的稳定化效果,减少了稳定化产物在环境     

交联阳离子淀粉螯合剂对铬渣的处理研究

合成了作为重金属螯合剂的交联阳离子淀粉 ,并将它用于铬渣的固化实验 ,对固化体的浸出毒性、表面浸出率、抗压强度等指标进行了测试。结果表明 ,添加高分子螯合剂后的固化体的浸出毒性降低 6 6 4 % ,远远小于国家标准的1 5mg/L ;2 8d后的表面浸出率仅为 1 0 -6数量级 ;抗压强度有所下降 ,但 2 8d养护后的抗压强度大于 30MPa ,符合填埋或建筑综合利用的强度要求     

初始pH值对氨三乙酸促进产甲烷效果的影响

金属离子螯合剂氨三乙酸(nitrilotriacetic acid,NTA)可提高微量金属离子的生物可用性,促进厌氧消化产甲烷.借助气相色谱分析,在探讨系统酸性pH值对厌氧消化甲烷产量影响的基础上,重点研究了初始pH值对NTA促进产甲烷效果的影响.结果表明,系统初始pH值对厌氧消化产甲烷有一定的影响,其影响程度与溶液中游离乙酸的浓度密切相关.NTA对产甲烷的促进作用在pH值为6.5和7.0时较为明显,而在更低pH条件下,几乎没有促进作用.当pH为7.0、添加10 μmol/L NTA时,与对照样相比,累积甲烷产量增加了38.5％,而pH 6.0时,作用却不明显.     

冷原子吸收法测汞用干燥剂

试验了几种常用的干燥剂在冷原子吸收法测定水中汞时,对汞蒸气的干燥性能及对测定灵敏度的影响。结果表明,以无水氯化钙和无水高氯酸镁效果最好     

Phytoremediation of Nickel-Contaminated Soils by Brassica Species

Two Brassica species Brassica juncea and Brassica carinata of the Indian mustard, were grown in an artificially Ni-contaminated soil to study the tolerance and Ni accumulation. Chelating agent, EDTA was applied at the rosette stage for enhancing the metal uptake. Nickel concentration over almost double that in control was observed in both the species with Ni contamination along with EDTA application. Specie B. juncea appeared to be slightly more tolerant and higher accumulator of Ni. In agreement with the earlier reports, the translocation of the pollutant metal to the shoot from the root seemed to be restricted in both of Brassica species at higher rate of Ni application plus EDTA. The results of the present study indicated that B. juncea has the potential to be hyperaccumulator of Ni.     

滇池草海蓝藻清除应急药剂筛选现场试验研究

在滇池草海开展的蓝灌清除应急措施药剂筛选试验中，对国内外１４种药剂进行了试验研究，综合净水效果、安全性、经济性和可操作性等几方面因素，从中优选出３种微生物制剂、１种混凝剂和２种杀藻剂，为实施蓝灌清除应急措施提供了重要技术依据。     

染料废水脱色方法

染料污水中污染物主要来自一些成色物质，如活性黄、活性蓝、碱性紫、碱性蓝等，染料的可生化性一般都较差，并使污水呈现出一定的色度，影响了美观。本文就染料废水最新的一些脱色方法进行了探讨。     

化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用

论述了化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用,大量的试验测试数据表明:该除尘方法投资省、运营费用低、除尘效果好、简单易操作。     

重金属螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定性实验研究

对利用重金属螯合剂处理城市垃圾焚烧飞灰的药剂稳定化工艺及处理效果进行了实验研究，并与Na2S和石灰等效果进行了比较，结果表明，该螯合剂投加量0.6%时，捕集飞灰中重金属的效率高达97%以上，为达到相同稳定化效果，螯合剂的使用量要比无机稳定化药剂少得多，同时，14个月的微生物影响实验表明，重金属螯合剂稳定化产物在填埋场环境下，其稳定性不受微生物活动的影响。