全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4959篇 |
免费 | 491篇 |
国内免费 | 1760篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 623篇 |
废物处理 | 306篇 |
环保管理 | 582篇 |
综合类 | 3218篇 |
基础理论 | 843篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 963篇 |
评价与监测 | 400篇 |
社会与环境 | 237篇 |
灾害及防治 | 37篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 33篇 |
2023年 | 102篇 |
2022年 | 199篇 |
2021年 | 217篇 |
2020年 | 222篇 |
2019年 | 229篇 |
2018年 | 175篇 |
2017年 | 286篇 |
2016年 | 364篇 |
2015年 | 320篇 |
2014年 | 305篇 |
2013年 | 454篇 |
2012年 | 457篇 |
2011年 | 500篇 |
2010年 | 341篇 |
2009年 | 325篇 |
2008年 | 284篇 |
2007年 | 361篇 |
2006年 | 345篇 |
2005年 | 239篇 |
2004年 | 204篇 |
2003年 | 231篇 |
2002年 | 170篇 |
2001年 | 138篇 |
2000年 | 141篇 |
1999年 | 104篇 |
1998年 | 108篇 |
1997年 | 70篇 |
1996年 | 64篇 |
1995年 | 53篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 36篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有7210条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Abstract: The sustainability of seed extraction from natural populations has been questioned recently. Increased recruitment failure under intense seed harvesting suggests that seed extraction intensifies source limitation. Nevertheless, areas where more seeds are collected tend to also have more intense hunting of seed-dispersing animals. We studied whether such hunting, by limiting disperser activity, could cause quantitative dispersal limitation, especially for large crops and for crops in years of high seed abundance. In each of four Carapa procera (Meliaceae) populations in French Guiana and Surinam, two with hunting and two without, we compared seed fate for individual trees varying in crop size in years of high and low population-level seed abundance. Carapa seeds are a nontimber forest product and depend on dispersal by scatter-hoarding rodents for survival and seedling establishment. Hunting negatively affected the proportion of seeds dispersed and caused greater numbers of seeds to germinate or be infested by moths below parent trees, where they would likely die. Hunting of seed-dispersing animals disproportionally affected large seed crops, but we found no additional effect of population-level seed abundance on dispersal rates. Consistently lower rates of seed dispersal, especially for large seed crops, may translate to lower levels of seedling recruitment under hunting. Our results therefore suggest that the subsistence hunting that usually accompanies seed collection is at the cost of seed dispersal and may contribute to recruitment failure of these nontimber forest products. Seed extraction from natural populations may affect seedling recruitment less if accompanied by measures adequately incorporating and protecting seed dispersers. 相似文献
2.
Occurence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ankara Precipitation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Urban atmospheric environment contains many trace organic pollutants that are related to the incomplete fuel combustion in domestic heating, industrial plants and automobile traffic. Removal of these pollutants from the atmosphere takes place through wet and dry deposition as well as chemical transformations. In this study, concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wet deposition samples were determined at an urban site of Turkey. Wet and dry deposition samples were collected using Andersen Rain Sampler. The sampler was modified accordingly for the collection of organic pollutants. Collected samples were preconcentrated by using solid phase extraction (SPE) disks and consecutively analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the 13 compounds quantified in this study, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were found more frequently and at elevated concentrations (202, 271 and 260 ng L-1 mean concentrations, respectively).Concentrations of PAHs were found to be high in winter period. 相似文献
3.
中国灾害的军事救援及其机制研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
中国是一个灾害频繁的国家。灾害造成了巨大的直接、间接经济损失和人员伤亡,对社会经济发展产生了严重的影响。中国的具体国情和人民解放军的特殊性质,决定了军事救援历来在中国的灾害救援中具有不可替代的地位,发挥着突击队和生力军的作用。由于客观上存在着一些制约因素,使得军事救援的实施效率受到了一定程度的影响,未能得到最大限度的发挥。因此,必须尽快建立适应新时期军队执行抢险救灾任务需要的军事救援机制。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
基于《大气污染防治行动计划》实施前后,在污染严重的冬季(2013年和2018年12月同期),采集郑州市监测站的PM2.5样品,分析PM2.5化学组成,通过对比分析PM2.5中的EC、OC、水溶性离子和金属元素的浓度变化来评估PM2.5浓度及化学组成的变化,同时选取不同阶段重污染过程,探究PM2.5浓度及组成的变化. 结果表明:①郑州市冬季ρ(PM2.5)平均值由2013年的(215.38 ±107.28) μg·m-3 下降至2018年的(77.45 ±49.81) μg·m-3,下降率高达64%. ②PM2.5中EC、K+、SO42-和Cl-,分别下降了85%、80%、78%和72%;OC、NH4+和NO3-下降幅度较小,分别为50%、41%和32%. ③与2013年冬季相比,2018年冬季OC/EC的值升高了2.6倍,二次有机碳在OC中占比升高至57%;同时,硫氧化率和氮氧化率的值分别升高了1.5倍和1.0倍,表明郑州市二次污染较为严重,二次转化程度升高. ④NO3-/SO42-(质量比)由2013年的0.8 ±0.2升高至2018年2.5 ±1.0,表明郑州市移动源贡献上升并且超过固定源成为冬季大气污染的主要来源. ⑤不同阶段重污染过程对比结果显示,与2013年相比,2018年重污染过程中PM2.5浓度下降显著,峰值浓度下降了61%,主要化学组成由OC、NO3-、SO42-和NH4+变为OC、NO3-和NH4+. 研究结果表明郑州市一次排放源管控取得了显著的成效,但二次生成对PM2.5贡献呈现升高趋势,因此未来需要关注二次生成的影响. 相似文献
7.
Nutrient transfer functions: the site of integration between feeding behaviour and nutritional physiology 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Summary. We describe and extend a graphical approach to quantitative nutrition that focuses on the interplay between behavioural and
physiological components of nutritional regulation. The site of integration is the nutrient transfer function, which is the
function describing the time course of nutrient transfer between serially connected nutritional compartments (e.g., from the gut to the blood). The relationship between the shape of the nutrient transfer function and the temporal patterns
of feeding determines the values of two key quantitative parameters of nutrition: the rate ('power') and the efficiency of nutrient acquisition. The approach can be extended to consider, in addition to the short-term behavioural and physiological
decisions made by animals, some ecological determinants and longer-term, life history consequences of such decisions. Most
importantly, this category of models can provide insights into the interplay among the various nutrients in an animal's diet.
We illustrate this using hypothetical examples, and also present preliminary data for the power-efficiency relationships of
protein and digestible carbohydrates in locusts. Finally, we consider existing evidence for the various means available to
these and other insects for regulating such relationships.
Received 24 September 1997; accepted 9 December 1997. 相似文献
8.
In multiphase systems capillary pressures play a significant role on fluid movement and retention. The facility to predict
the effect of different thermal remediation strategies requires the knowledge of the effect of temperature on capillary pressure-saturation
relationships in the soils.
The objective of recent study was (a) to develop a technique for routinely measuring the pressure-saturation curves of soil
samples saturated with a nonpolar liquid at different regulated temperatures (b) to build a database using the measured pressure-saturation
curves and the physical, chemical properties of the model soils (c) to establish the dependence of nonaqueous phase liquid
retention on the soil properties and the temperature.
The retention curves (extraction isotherms) with nonaqueous phase liquid were determined using a modified
pressure plate extractor. The wetting phase was a non-aromatic hydrocarbon distillation product. Pressure plates were designed and constructed in
the laboratory of our department. The temperature was held constant at 20, 40 and 60 ∘C.
Statistical analysis was performed involving selected soil parameters and the measured nonaqueous phase liquid retention data.
The results show that knowing some easily measurable soil parameters (bulk density, particle size distribution, humus and
lime content) we can estimate the nonaqueous phase liquid retention of the soils. The measured “extraction isotherms” provide
essential information about the temperature-dependency of pressure-saturation curves. 相似文献
9.
Bohan Liao Zhaohui Guo Qingru Zeng Anne Probst Jean-Luc Probst 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):151-161
Leaching experiments of rebuilt soil columns with two simulated acid rain solutions (pH 4.6–3.8) were conducted for two natural
soils and two artificial contaminated soils from Hunan, south-central China, to study effects of acid rain on competitive
releases of soil Cd, Cu, and Zn. Distilled water was used in comparison. The results showed that the total releases were Zn>Cu>Cd
for the natural soils and Cd>Zn≫Cu for the contaminated soils, which reflected sensitivity of these metals to acid rain. Leached
with different acid rain, about 26–76% of external Cd and 11–68% external Zn were released, but more than 99% of external
Cu was adsorbed by the soils, and therefore Cu had a different sorption and desorption pattern from Cd and Zn. Metal releases
were obviously correlated with releases of TOC in the leachates, which could be described as an exponential equation. Compared
with the natural soils, acid rain not only led to changes in total metal contents, but also in metal fraction distributions
in the contaminated soils. More acidified soils had a lower sorption capacity to metals, mostly related to soil properties
such as pH, organic matter, soil particles, adsorbed SO4
2−, exchangeable Al3+ and H+, and contents of Fe2O3 and Al2O3. 相似文献
10.
土壤中硫的形态分析及其测定方法研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对土壤中硫的形态分析与测定方法,从无机硫,有机硫,总硫,以及硫的系统分析方法,硫的检测几个方面进行了综述,对各种方法进行了客观的评价,指出了尚待于解决的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望。 相似文献