色拉油废水处理工程设计

色拉油废水COD、动植物油、氨、氮、磷浓度都很高。采用预处理除油 倒A2 O 接触氧化 化学除磷组合工艺处理 ,效果明显 ,出水各项指标 (特别是磷酸盐 )均能达《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978 1 996 )中的一级排放标准     

UV-B辐射增强对小麦籽粒化学组分的影响

在自然光照射条件下 ,研究了UV B辐射增强对小麦籽粒中可溶性糖、淀粉、赖氨酸、蛋白质等化学组分及其相互转化的影响 .结果表明 :增加 0 2 5W·m- 2 的UV B辐射使灌浆期的小麦籽粒中可溶性糖含量显著高于对照 ,淀粉含量变化幅度增大 ,赖氨酸含量下降速度较快 ,成熟期总蛋白质含量增加 .增加 0 75W·m- 2 的UV B辐射能降低成熟籽粒中可溶性糖和淀粉的含量 ,增加赖氨酸及总蛋白质的含量 .     

珠穆朗玛峰北坡绒布冰川区水体的化学特征

１９９７－０５在珠峰地区绒布冰川采集的４类水样的实测资料表明,本区各类水体都呈碱性,ＰＨ值的大小顺序为：湖水〉湖水〉表层雪。河水和湖水的阴离子以ＳＯ＾２－４为最大,而表层雪样品以Ｃｌ－最大;     

Chemical defense and evolutionary trends in biosynthetic capacity among dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Summary. An evolutionary scenario incorporating recent advances in phylogenetic research begins with an opisthobranch-pulmonate common ancestor that was herbivorous and had some diet-derived chemical defense. The Nudibranchia and their closest relatives, the Notaspidea, form a lineage the ancestors of which had switched to feeding upon sponges and deriving protection from metabolites contained in them. Subsequently there have been repeated shifts in food and defensive metabolites, and trends are evident in the ability to detoxify, sequester and utilize metabolites from food, as well as to synthesize defensive compounds de novo. The Notaspidea display a minor adaptive radiation that foreshadows a more extensive one in the various lineages of nudibranchs. This review emphasizes changes that have occurred within the Holohepatica, or dorid nudibranchs (order Doridacea). Their sister-group, the Cladohepatica, consists of three other orders, Dendronotacea, Arminacea, and Aeolidiacea, in which there has been a shift from sponges to Cnidaria as food. The Dendronotacea often feed upon Octocorallia, which combine spicules, chemical defense, and stinging capsules and thereby suggest a transition from feeding on sponges. A previous diet of Octocorallia is suggested by the defensive use of prostaglandins in the dendronotacean Tethys fimbria, which eats crustaceans. A shift to bryozoans in some Arminacea is accompanied by use of different metabolites. Dorid nudibranchs evidently began as sponge-feeders, but some lineages have shifted to a variety of other food organisms, and others have specialized in the kind of sponges they feed on and how they do it. There have been shifts to bryozoans (Ectoprocta) and ascidians (Chordata: Urochordata) that track metabolites rather than the taxonomy of the food. There is a crude correlation between the genealogy and the defensive metabolites of the sponge-feeding dorids. De novo synthesis is well documented in this order and the metabolites are appropriately positioned so as to have an adaptive effect. The hypothesis that the capacity for de novo synthesis was acquired by gene transfer across lineages is rejected, partly on the basis of different chirality of metabolites in the nudibranchs and their food organisms. Instead it is proposed that there has been a preadaptive phase followed by evolution in a retrosynthetic mode, with selection favoring enzymes that enhance the yield of end products that are already present in the food. Received 5 February 1999; accepted 26 July 1999     

Metabolic transformations of acquired lucibufagins by firefly “femmes fatales”

Summary. Female Photuris fireflies sequester defensive steroidal pyrones (lucibufagins) from male fireflies of the genus Photinus. Lucibufagin analyses of Photuris females and Photinus ignitus males show that the lucibufagin mixtures of predator and prey differ in their composition. Analyses of whole body extracts showed that P. ignitus males contain a mixture of eight non-glycosylated lucibufagins, composed mostly of compounds with two oxygenated positions in the steroidal A-ring (C-3, C-5). After feeding on P. ignitus males, Photuris females contain six major lucibufagins. Three of these compounds are not present in the prey, including the novel lucibufagin glycoside 5β,11α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-3β-O-β-D-xylopyranosylbufalin, and two other lucibufagins with a trioxygenated A-ring (C-2, C-3, C-5). These results indicate that Photuris females transform the sequestered lucibufagins both by glycosylation and oxidation, which could affect the systemic transportability of these compounds due to an increase in their polarity. Received 18 February 1999; accepted 19 April 1999.     

化学生物絮凝-悬浮填料移动床组合工艺处理城市污水研究

采用化学生物絮凝和悬浮填料移动床组合工艺处理城市污水。通过改变化学生物絮凝工艺中投加的混凝剂种类和投加量、改变悬浮填料移动床工艺中水力停留时间和气水比取得不同工况条件下各类污染指标的去除效果。采用该组合工艺,当进水COD(89～319)mg/L,TP(1.24～4.26)mg/L,SS(44～240)mg/L,NH4 -N(14.7～36.3)mg/L时,出水可达到COD<50mg/L,TP<0.5mg/L,SS<20mg/L,NH4 -N<5mg/L。     

电镀废水处理技术工程应用实践

针对电镀废水的特点,根据清污分流、先预处理再综合处理的原则进行合理的细化分类,对不同的水质进行分类物化处理。该处理技术具有工艺合理、可操作性好、自动化程度高等优点,处理后出水水质达到广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)二级标准。     

离心机考核测试和带式机脱水性能试验研究

为配合吉林化学工业股份有限公司 30万t乙烯工程A/O工艺废水处理工程化学污泥脱水的需要 ,进行了生产运行离心机性能考核测试和小型带式压滤机应用于化学污泥脱水的中试性能试验研究。本研究确定了小型带式压滤机最佳投泥量、投药量和产泥量等指标。达到了验收的各项技术经济指标 ,具有显著的经济和环境效益。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化--混凝法处理焦化废水的实验研究

用Fenton试剂结合自制聚硅硫酸铝对焦化废水进行了催化氧化—混凝试验研究 ,选择了最佳的工作条件。结果表明 ,经氧化—混凝处理后废水的COD从 1 1 73mg/L降至 38.2mg/L ,去除率达 96 .7%。研究中还发现 ,Fenton试剂具有将废水的 pH值调节为 2 .5～ 3的特性 ,为该工艺实际处理焦化废水提供了科学依据     

三氧化钨光催化法脱色处理化纤厂废水

以WO3粉体作为催化剂对化纤厂废水采用光催化氧化法进行脱色处理,讨论了光催化氧化法的反应机理,以及化纤厂废水的pH值、光催化剂的投入量、光照时间各因素对废水色度去除率的影响。实验结果表明：WO3粉体的投入量为1．000g／L,pH值为3．00时,利用300W高压汞灯光照7h后,废水试样的吸光度由0.596降低至0．020,色度去除率达到96．6％。