利用填埋气体去除渗滤液中成垢离子的化学机理研究

为防治渗滤液输送管道结垢,本文提出了在渗滤液进入输送管道前,利用填埋气体预先去除其中成垢离子后再进行输送的思路.本文采取室内模拟实验的方式,研究渗滤液中成垢离子(钙、镁离子)去除率的控制因子,如:模拟填埋气体(N2∶ CO2比例=1∶1)的进气速率、渗滤液pH及系统温度,并分析了各因子引起去除率发生变化的化学机理.研究发现,进气速率越小,渗滤液pH越高,系统温度越低,渗滤液中成垢离子的去除率越高.该研究为工程上利用填埋气体去除渗滤液中成垢离子提供了理论依据,具有一定现实意义.     

Structure and function of Dufour gland pheromones from the crazy ant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paratrechina longicornis</Emphasis>

Summary. Dufour glands of Paratrechina longicornis were analyzed chemically using GC-MS techniques. The glands contained twelve alkanes between C₉ and C₂₀ chain length with undecane and tridecane as the main components, six alkenes (1- and 4-undecene, 1-, 4-, and 6- tridecene, and heptadecadiene), two alkyl formates (C₁₁ and C₁₃), and saturated and polyunsaturated acids. Many of the alkanes and alkenes were behaviorally active causing a short lasting attraction of ants with different intensity. Detection of the major gland compound undecane in recruitment trails by in vivo SPME sampling provided evidence for its use as a recruitment pheromone. Both poison gland (formic acid) and Dufour gland (undecane) contents were detected on SPME fibers which had been attacked by the ants.     

CODcr测定中氯离子的影响及消除

根据油田采出水中氯离子含量高，对COD_(Cr)测定影响较大的特点，通过实验探讨高含氯对测定污水CODCr的影响及消除其影响的方法。实验结果表明，对高含氯、低CODCr的污水用国标方法测定CODCr时会产生较大误差，且误差随氯离子含量的增加而增大；采用不掩蔽氯离子测污水CODCr总量，再用CODCr总量减去氯离子产生CODCr量的方法，则能反映污水的真实CODCr值，误差小一些。     

黄姜种质资源、化学成分及组织培养研究概况

对黄姜种质资源、化学成分及组织培养研究概况进行了综述.为下一步开展相关研究提供依据.     

施用污泥堆肥对滩涂土壤理化性质的影响

污泥堆肥中富含有机质营养成分，可改良土壤，同时要防止重金属和病原菌等可能引起的污染。为评价污泥堆肥作为土壤改良基质的可能性，本试验系统进行了上海曲阳水质净化厂污泥堆肥／滩涂土混配土的理化性质分析。研究结果表明，污泥堆肥与滩涂土混配后，土壤pH、电导率、阳离子交换量等理化指标得到改善；营养得到补充，肥力提高明显；混配土中未见病原菌污染问题，污泥堆肥施加比例控制在30％（干重计）以内时，也不存在重金属污染风险，混配土可以满足农用要求。     

再沸器管箱封头环焊缝裂纹形成机理研究

某化工厂的一分塔再沸器在定期检验过程中,发现材质为奥氏体不锈钢的管箱封头环焊缝存在穿透性纵向裂纹缺陷。为了进一步了解裂纹形成的原因,避免类似缺陷再次产生。本文通过对案例背景介绍,在定期检验结果的基础上,通过对缺陷部位进行取样,在实验室采用理化检验方法,结合设计和使用参数,对裂纹的形成机理进行分析并得出结论。     

改性活性炭纤维对含乙醇有机废气的吸附性能研究

文章研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)对乙醇的吸附性能以及表面基团和形态对吸附性能的影响,并以提高活性炭纤维对乙醇的吸附性能为出发点,采用无机盐浸渍及二次热处理方法对ACF进行表面改性,改性前ACF对乙醇的吸附容量为376mg/g,经过无机盐浸渍并二次热处理改性的ACF对乙醇的吸附容量达到了516mg/g,穿透时间也由改性前的30min延长到了80min。结果表明,无机盐浸渍和二次热处理改变了ACF表面基团和形态,从而提高了ACF对乙醇的吸附性能。     

Photolysis of mono- through deca-chlorinated biphenyls by ultraviolet irradiation in n-hexane and quantitative structure-property relationship analysis

The photolysis of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） （including mono- through deca-chlorinated） in n-hexane was investigated under ultraviolet irradiation using a 500-W high-pressure mercury lamp. Photolysis of PCBs follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with photolysis rate constants ranging between 0.0011 s^-1 for PCB-52 and 0.0574 s^-1 for PCB-118. The degradation rates of PCBs by high-pressure mercury lamp irradiation were remarkably independent with respect to the degree of chlorination. Furthermore, partial least squares （PLS） models were developed to provide insight into which aspect of the molecular structure influenced PCB photolysis rate constants. It was found that the photolysis rates of PCBs increased with an increase in the net charge on the carbon atom （qc）, （ELUMO-EHOMO）^2, and the Y-axis dipole moment （μy） values, or the decrease in the energy of the second highest occupied molecular orbital （EHOMO-1）, energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （ELUMO）, ELUMO ＋ EHOMO, ELUMO - EHOMO, most positive atomic charge （q^＋）, and the twist angle of the chlorine atom （TA） values.     

药剂法去除矿井水中多种有害物质的应用研究

根据某一煤矿矿井水水质特点,采用在矿井水净化处理工艺过程中投加药荆的方法,达到同时去除矿井水中的悬浮物、碳酸盐硬度和铁等多种有害物质的目的。工程试验表明,聚合氯化铝投加量100mg／L,石灰投加量120-140mg／L,二氧化氯投加量大于1．5mg／L时,可以取得较好的处理效果。     

Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of sustainable wastewater treatment systems

The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment. Currently, there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the wastewater. Because microbiological treatment methods are, only to a limited part, able to satisfy these needs, the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more interest. The specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups: improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes, achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent, recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse, desalination of brackish water and seawater, and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment process. Development of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role, also requires application of process control and modeling strategies. This is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters.