氧化程度不同的土壤对芘的吸附作用

将北京东灵山和云南曲靖采集的山地土壤样品分别用芬顿试剂和次氯酸钠梯度氧化后,进行芘的批量吸附实验.用O/C极性指数和TOC覆盖指数并辅助电镜扫描图对吸附系数进行拟合和解释.次氯酸钠氧化后云南土壤的O/C指数在高平衡浓度下(c=0.1c<,s>,c=0.5c<,s>)与lgK<,OC>显著相关,R<'2>达到0.752 ...     

Effect of elevated tropospheric ozone on methane and nitrous oxide emission from rice soil in north India

Physiological changes in crop plants in response to the elevated tropospheric ozone (O₃) may alter N and C cycles in soil. This may also affect the atmosphere-biosphere exchange of radiatively important greenhouse gases (GHGs), e.g. methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from soil. A study was carried out during July to November of 2007 and 2008 in the experimental farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effects of elevated tropospheric ozone on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice (Oryza sativa L.) soil. Rice crop was grown in open top chambers (OTC) under elevated ozone (EO), non-filtered air (NF), charcoal filtered air (CF) and ambient air (AA). Seasonal mean concentrations of O₃ were 4.3 ± 0.9, 26.2 ± 1.9, 59.1 ± 4.2 and 27.5 ± 2.3 ppb during year 2007 and 5.9 ± 1.1, 37.2 ± 2.5, 69.7 ± 3.9 and 39.2 ± 1.8 ppb during year 2008 for treatments CF, NF, EO and AA, respectively. Cumulative seasonal CH₄ emission reduced by 29.7% and 40.4% under the elevated ozone (EO) compared to the non-filtered air (NF), whereas the emission increased by 21.5% and 16.7% in the charcoal filtered air (CF) in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cumulative seasonal emission of N₂O ranged from 47.8 mg m⁻² in elevated ozone to 54.6 mg m⁻² in charcoal filtered air in 2007 and from 46.4 to 62.1 mg m⁻² in 2008. Elevated ozone reduced grain yield by 11.3% and 12.4% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Global warming potential (GWP) per unit of rice yield was the least under elevated ozone levels. Dissolved organic C content of soil was lowest under the elevated ozone treatment. Decrease in availability of substrate i.e., dissolved organic C under elevated ozone resulted in a decline in GHG emissions. Filtration of ozone from ambient air increased grain yield and growth parameters of rice and emission of GHGs.     

The pollution release and transfer register system in the U.S. and Japan: an analysis of productivity

This study analyzes Total Factor Productivity (TFP), which includes all categories of productivity. Our measure investigates productivity in the context of the provision and dissemination of environmental information policies. We investigated data on the emission of toxic chemical substances for the U.S. and Japanese manufacturing firms, including 386 firms for the period 1999-2007 and 466 firms for the period 2001-2008. The results show that productivity improved in all nine industrial sectors and that pollution levels were high in the U.S. and Japan from 2001 to 2007. In particular, the electronics industry improved rapidly after 2002 in both countries, which may be attributed to the enforcement of RoHS and the REACH directive in Europe. As a result of these stringent policies on toxic chemical emissions, the U.S. and Japanese firms, many of which export to the European market, have strong incentives to reduce their toxic chemical emissions.     

西安市近地层空气离子与环境因子的关系研究

2009年8月至2010年7月在西安市16个采样点上开展了近地层空气离子浓度和温度、相对湿度、风速及可吸入颗粒物(PM10)等环境因子的观测,研究了西安市空气离子时空分布的基本特征,并利用空气离子浓度值对西安市的空气质量进行了评价.另外,详细分析了近地层空气负离子浓度与温度、相对湿度和PM10等主要环境因子之间的相互关...     

预处理-生化-气浮工艺处理精制棉废水

以某精制棉生产有限公司精制棉废水处理工程为例,介绍预处理-生化处理-气浮工艺处理精制棉废水的工程应用,总结并分析了工程设计及运行经验。设计处理流量2 000 m3/d,进水CODCr,BOD5,SS质量浓度分别为1 200,623,567 mg/L;运行结果表明:经该组合工艺处理后,出水CODCr,BOD5,SS等水质指标均满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的二级排放标准。     

新疆哈密地区煤化工产业发展中的环保问题

近年来中国能源、化工产品的需求出现了高速增长,煤化工行业的发展对于缓解中国石油、天然气等优质能源供求矛盾有重要意义,促进钢铁、化工、轻工等其他行业发展,也有重要的作用。在哈密地区的六大矿区内,预测及查明含煤区面积只占矿区总面积的52％左右,规划面积仅占矿区总面积的19％左右。近一半面积的资源未进行勘查,有8成以上面积的资源未列入规划,在哈密地区煤炭资源开发利用有极大的操作空间。煤化工产业是一个高污染、高安全要求的产业,每个生产环节都会产生各种污染物,大多有毒有害但无法回收,稍有不慎还可能造成重大环境安全事故,因此煤化工产业发展必须和环境保护并行。     

二氧化氯催化氧化处理酸性深绿B染料废水研究

本文对二氧化氯化学氧化体系和二氧化氯催化氧化体系处理酸性深绿B染料废水进行了试验研究,结果表明:单用二氧化氯化学氧化体系处理COD为840 mg/L的酸性深绿B染料废水时,最佳反应pH值为1,氧化剂经济用量为1 500 mg ClO2/L废水,反应时间为60 min,COD去除率可达52%左右;当采用二氧化氯与自制催化...     

CLP法规对我国实施GHS的启示

介绍了目前国内实施GHS的现状及面临的问题,通过分析《欧盟物质和混合物的分类、标签和包装法规》（CLP法规）的特点及其与GHS的异同,为我国实施GHS提出建议。     

PAC强化“水解酸化+CAST”工艺处理混合化工废水的研究

采用粉末活性炭(PAC)强化"水解酸化+CAST"工艺对混合化工废水进行研究。试验结果表明:PAC强化"水解酸化+CAST"工艺对进水中COD、难降解COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TP等参数的去除率分别达到了82.8%、52.8%、95.8%、88.8%和94.2%,实际出水水质有了很明显提高。PAC与活性污泥法耦合处理废水,PAC在产生吸附作用的同时,具有与生物协同的降解作用。通过改变PAC的投加方式和投加量试验,出于经济方面考虑,在保证出水水质指标达标的前提下,确定2~3天为一个比较合理的PAC投加周期。     

多水源化工园区综合废水的水体特征研究

为充分了解天津市滨海新区化工园区综合废水的水体特征,通过科学选取新区内某化工园区综合废水中的水质监测指标,借助GCMS和毒性分析技术,得以全面系统地分析出具有类似产业布局的多废水来源的化工园区废水水质特征,为完善同类型废水可生化性指标评价体系提供了参考,且便于后续废水处理工艺的达标化设计。