Determination of trace amounts of chlorinated insecticides and fungicides in ginseng using capillary gas chromatography and ~(63)Ni electron capture detector

A method for the simultaneous determination of a series of chlorinated insecticides and fungicides as residues in ginseng is presented in this article. Pulverized samples are subjected to Soxhlet extraction with acetone-petroleum ether and the extract is partitioned between petroleum ether and aqueous sodium sulfate solution (2:98). The combined petroleum ether phase is cleaned up by sulfuric acid and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using 63Ni electron capture detector. Recoveries from the different concentrations for 11 kinds of chlorinated insecticides and fungicides are between 92.40 and 103.7% with coefficients of variations ranged 1.22 and 9.53% without samples, and between 89.00% and 104.10% with coefficients of variations between 1.16% and 9.16% with samples. The detection limits are 0.2- 7.0 ng/kg.     

阿散酸及其降解产物对鱼和蚯蚓的遗传毒性

为了全面评价有机胂制剂阿散酸对水生生物和土壤生物的遗传毒性效应,文章分别以红鲤鱼和赤子爱胜蚓为生物材料,采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术从细胞水平上研究了阿散酸降解前后对鲤鱼肾细胞和蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA的损伤。鲤鱼肾细胞单细胞凝胶电泳试验结果表明,阿散酸降解之前和降解的第4周阿散酸对鲤鱼肾细胞DNA有显著损伤,表现出明显的遗传毒性作用,但第二周却不引起鲤鱼肾细胞DNA的任何损伤。蚯蚓体腔细胞单细胞凝胶电泳试验结果表明,阿散酸降解之前不能诱导蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA的明显损伤,不表现遗传毒性效应,与对照组相比没有显著性差异(P>0.05);但阿散酸降解开始后,各浓度的降解混合物体系都能引起蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA的明显损伤,表现出较强的遗传毒性作用。     

毛细柱气相色谱法测定天然水中痕量铍、铝、铬

介绍一个用毛细柱气相色谱法同时测定铍、铝、铬酌新方法。在pH为5.6的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,铍、铝、铬与三氟乙酰丙酮生成挥发性和热稳定性的金属整合物。可萃取至苯中,注射至熔融石英WCOT OV—101柱上,在140℃分离测定,用电子捕获检测器检测。铍、铝、铬的回收率分别为83—103％,88—105％,90—103％。变异系数分别为6.5％,6.5％,2.0％。可用于天然水中亚ppb级铍、铝、铬的分析。测定了海水、河口水、矿泉水、雪水等样品。     

大气细颗粒物致大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞DNA损伤

运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术,研究了太原市大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)对分离的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞 DNA 的损伤作用.结果表明,在 PM2.5浓度分别为 0,75,150,300,450μg/mL 的染毒条件下,染毒 1h 后,大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞 DNA 拖尾长度分别为 2.82,6.76,10.25,14.47,23.87μm;染毒 4h后,DNA 拖尾长度分别为 2.80,18.15,32.90,43.22,55.51μm;染毒 10h 后,DNA 拖尾长度分别为 2.49,26.57,39.73,52.10,70.09μm.由此可见,PM2.5可引起大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞 DNA 的损伤,且随着 PM2.5浓度的增加及染毒时间的延长而加剧,呈明确的剂量-效应关系和时间-效应关系.     

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法快速分析水中酚类化合物

固相微萃取是一种快速、简便、集萃取浓缩进样于一体的样品前处理技术,具有分析时间短、灵敏度高、无需有机溶剂的优点.本工作用固相微萃取富集水中酚类化合物,毛细管气相色谱分离分析,整个分析过程只需45min,检出限可达1.0～10.0μg/L,已用于地面水、海水、工厂废水中酚类化合物含量的测定.     

核桃壳骨架构建剂对污泥脱水性能的影响

污泥最终处置的困难在于提高泥饼的含固量和降低其含水率。研究用核桃壳做骨架构建剂对污泥进行调理对污泥脱水性能改善的影响。通过测定污泥比阻(SRF),毛细吸水时间(CST)以及抽滤后污泥含水率,探究核桃壳骨架构建剂对污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明,采用核桃壳做骨架构建剂调理污泥的最佳添加量为4:6(核桃壳与污泥干重比),最佳粒径为13 m/kg,降为调理后的1.06×1013 m/kg。     

产甲烷厌氧污泥降解含氮杂环化合物动力学与微生物种群的分析

研究了以焦化废水中典型的含氮杂环化合物吡啶、吲哚作为单一受试物质下,厌氧污泥的降解动力学。并通过应用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术,分析对比降解上述2种受试物质的厌氧污泥微生物多样性的差异,从分子生物学水平上阐明厌氧污泥微生物多样性的差异以及不同专性菌群的产生是导致不同受试物质下厌氧污泥降解速率快慢的主要原因之一。结果表明,在2种受试物质下厌氧污泥体系中均出现了Methanogenic prokaryote,说明上述系统中的厌氧污泥产甲烷活性良好,是产甲烷厌氧污泥。厌氧污泥对2种受试物质降解的容易程度为吡啶>吲哚。     

Characterization of depth-related microbial communities in lake sediment by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified 16S rRNA fragments

The characterization of microbial communities of different depth sediment samples was examined by a culture-independent method and compared with physicochemical parameters, those are organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, pH and redox potential （Eh）. Total genomic DNA was extracted from samples derived from different depths. After they were amplified with the GC-341 f/907r primer sets of partial bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the products were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The profile of DGGE fingerprints of different depth sediment samples revealed that the community structure remained relatively stable along the entire 45 cm sediment core, however, principal-component analysis of DGGE patterns revealed that at greater sediment depths, successional shifts in community structure were evident. The principle coordinates analysis suggested that the bacterial communities along the sediment core could be separated into two groups, which were located 0-20 cm and 21-45 cm, respectively. The sequencing dominant bands demonstrated that the major phylogenetic groups identified by DGGE belonged to Bacillus, Bacterium, Brevibacillus, Exiguobacterium, γ-Proteobacterium, Acinetobacter sp. and some uncultured or unidentified bacteria. The results indicated the existence of highly diverse bacterial community in the lake sediment core.     

新型侧链聚硅氧烷液晶高分子用作毛细柱气相色谱固定液的研究

以合成的新型胆甾酯类侧链聚硅氧烷液晶高分子作固定液 ,涂渍在弹性石英毛细管柱上 ,具有较高的柱效和选择性 ,热稳定性好 ,适于分离多种异构体混合物。     

根瘤菌新类群的全细胞蛋白电泳及16S rDNA全序列分析

应用ＳＤＳ全细胞蛋白电泳技术对根瘤菌３个新类群进行聚类分析,并对３个新类群中心菌株的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ全序列（Ｍｒ≈１．５ｋｂ）进行了测定。将所测序列与ＥＭＢＬ／ＢａｎｋＩＴ／ＤＤＢＪ资料库中根瘤菌及相关菌已知种的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ全序列进行聚类比较,得到系统发育树状图,树状图中,菌株ＳＨ２２６２３和ＳＨ１９３１２与山羊豆根瘤菌、葡萄土壤杆菌、根癌土壤杆菌和悬钩子土壤杆菌在同一个分支上,彼此亲缘关系较