嗜热厌氧乙醇菌在纤维素酒精生产中的作用

以热纤维梭菌 (Clostridium thermocellum LQRI)和嗜热厌氧乙醇菌(Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus X514和Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus 39E)为对象,以不同浓度纤维素Avicel为底物,研究嗜热厌氧乙醇菌加入LQR...     

Assessment of eco-labelling criteria development from a strategic sustainability perspective

To turn current patterns of consumption and production in a sustainable direction, solid and understandable market information on the socio-ecological performance of products is needed. Eco-labelling programmes have an important role in this communication. The aim of this study is to investigate what gaps there may be in the current criteria development processes in relation to a strategic sustainability perspective and develop recommendations on how such presumptive gaps could be bridged. First a previously published generic framework for strategic sustainable development is described and applied for the assessment of two eco-labelling programmes. Data for the assessment is collected from literature and in semi-structured interviews and discussions with eco-labelling experts.The assessment revealed that the programmes lack both an operational definition of sustainability, and a statement of objectives to direct and drive the criteria development processes. Consequently they also lack guidelines for how product category criteria might gradually develop in any direction. The selected criteria mainly reflect the current reality based on a selection of negative impacts in ecosystems, but how this selection, or prioritization, is made is not clearly presented. Finally, there are no guidelines to ensure that the criteria developers represent a broad enough competence to embrace all essential sustainability aspects.In conclusion the results point at deficiencies in theory, process and practice of eco-labelling, which hampers cohesiveness, transparency and comprehension. And it hampers predictability, as producers get no support in foreseeing how coming revisions of criteria will develop. This represents a lost opportunity for strategic sustainable development. It is suggested that these problems could be avoided by informing the criteria development process by a framework for strategic sustainable development, based on backcasting from basic sustainability principles.     

南方红壤丘陵区粮食生产的完全成本 ——以湖南省祁阳县为例

针对目前我国农业生产中的资源环境问题,指出粮食生产成本核算的不完整性,粮食生产造成的资源耗减和环境降级得不到补偿。运用环境经济学原理和可持续发展理论对粮食生产的完全成本进行分析,提出粮食生产的完全成本除包括直接生产成本外,还应包括粮食生产的资源环境成本。论文以南方红壤丘陵区的湖南省祁阳县为研究对象进行案例分析,研究表明,2008年该区域粮食生产的资源环境成本相当于当年农业总产值的36.55%;早、中、晚稻的完全成本分别达到4.27、3.84和4.40元·kg^-1,其中资源环境成本分别为1.38、 1.65和1.64元·kg^-1,直接生产成本分别为2.89、 2.19和2.76元·kg^-1,而实际市场价格分别仅有1.76、 1.90和1.84元·kg^-1。研究结果对有关部门制定相关农业政策、调整粮食生产布局、促进区域粮食生产和可持续发展具有一定的参考价值。     

春季太湖光量子产额空间分布的特征分析

基于2009年4月28日、5月4日、5月5日及5月6日在太湖梅梁湾的栈桥头、直湖港的河口区、太湖中心及胥口湾中心测定的初级生产力及水下光场数据,计算了各测点的藻类光量子产额和P-I曲线,并分析了其空间差异的特征.太湖栈桥头的P-I曲线呈现出明显的光抑制现象;在胥口湾中心和直湖港河口,P-I曲线呈现出弱的光抑制现象;而在太湖中心区域,P-I曲线只达到了光饱和状态,并未出现光抑制现象.单位叶绿素a的最大光量子产额的大小顺序为太湖中心区域、梅梁湾的栈桥头、直湖港的河口区及胥口湾的湖心区.     

硫酸系统水平衡分析计算和生产实践

在硫酸系统中,通过水平衡分析计算烟气带入净化工序的SO2体积分数和含水量,确定净化工序的能力,控制干燥塔进口烟气温度,使干吸工序生产出合格产品;通过计算,烟气带入净化工序的水量小于产品带出的水量,制酸净化污水经过污水处理工序处理后返回到净化工序重复使用,实现净化污水零排放,消除对环境的污染.     

Archaeal community structure along a gradient of petroleum contamination in saline-alkali soil

The impact of petroleum on archaeal community in salinealkali soils was investigated, which will expand the knowledge of the archaeal population involved in the natural attenuation of hydrocarbons in extreme environments.     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

武汉市长江北岸耕地中多环芳烃垂向与纵向分布特征

文章对武汉市长江北岸农用耕地中多环芳烃的含量进行了调查。结果表明除紧靠马路边一个点位的荧蒽浓度高于荷兰制定的土壤修复标准之外,其余各点各类多环芳烃均在此标准值之内;随着点位距污染源越远多环芳烃的含量越来越低;并且多环芳烃在垂直方向上的迁移存在色谱效应。通过分析不同采样点土壤中的多环芳烃含量,分析得出结论汽车尾气所排放的...     

电镀行业清洁生产指标体系的修正

文章旨在通过剖析清洁生产指标体系建立的全过程,发现《电镀行业清洁生产指标体系(试行)》存在的缺陷与不足,并进行修正,采用层次分析法对修正后的定量指标体系赋权.最后选用三家电镀企业,对修正前后的指标体系进行评价与对比,并据此证明:修正后的指标体系更能客观评价企业真实的清洁生产水平.