Combining internal and external motivations in multi-actor governance arrangements for biodiversity and ecosystem services

This paper analyses the possibility of building a mutually supportive dynamics between internally and externally motivated behaviour for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision. To this purpose a face to face survey amongst 169 key actors of 34 highly successful and prominent biodiversity arrangements in seven EU countries was conducted. The main finding of the paper is the feasibility of combining inherently intrinsically motivated behaviours (providing enjoyment, pleasure from experimentation and learning, aesthetic satisfaction) and internalized extrinsic motivations (related to the identification with the collective goals of conservation policy) through a common set of governance features. Successful initiatives that combine internal and external motivations share the following features: inclusive decision making processes, a broad monitoring by “peers” beyond the core staff of the initiatives, and a context that is supportive for the building of autonomous actor competences. These findings are in line with the psycho-sociological theory of motivation, which shows the importance of a psycho-social context leading to a subjective perception of autonomy and a sense of competence of the actors.     

液氯生产过程中的安全控制

根据液氯生产工艺,分析了过程中存在的主要危险是液氯泄漏引起的人员中毒以及由于尾气中氢含量过高、三氯化氮富集、过量充装等引起的爆炸,提出了相应的对策.     

液氯汽车罐车罐体安全附件泄漏事故树分析

液氯汽车罐车在运输过程中可能会发生氯气泄漏,由于罐体安全附件密封点较多,因而绝大多数泄漏发生在安全附件上。运用事故树(FTA)分析方法分析了液氯汽车罐车罐体安全附件泄漏事故的原因,最后提出了防止此类事故发生的措施。     

垃圾填埋场土工膜渗漏电学检测法的研究

在垃圾填埋场中,利用土工膜的电绝缘性来实现其施工验收和填埋垃圾期间的渗漏检测以防止污染地下水.笔者研究了漏洞大小、偶极子的位置、偶极子的电极间距、供电回路电极的位置以及填埋场内物质的电阻等对检测信号强弱的影响,并指出在多洞的情况下,偶极子的电极间距必须小于两漏洞间的距离才可确定定位漏洞.      

Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

Swimming has become a popular exercising and recreational activity in China but little is known about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) concentration levels in the pools. This study was conducted as a survey of the DBPs in China swimming pools, and to establish the correlations between the DBP concentrations and the pool water quality parameters. A total of 14 public indoor and outdoor pools in Beijing were included in the survey. Results showed that the median concentrations for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), nine haloacetic acids (HAA9), chloral hydrate (CH), four haloacetonitriles (HAN4), 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone and trichloronitromethane were 33.8, 109.1, 30.1, 3.2, 0.3, 0.6 µg∙L⁻¹ and below detection limit, respectively. The TTHM and HAA9 levels were in the same magnitude of that in many regions of the world. The levels of CH and nitrogenous DBPs were greatly higher than and were comparable to that in typical drinking water, respectively. Disinfection by chlorine dioxide or trichloroisocyanuric acid could substantially lower the DBP levels. The outdoor pools had higher TTHM and HAA9 levels, but lower trihaloacetic acids (THAA) levels than the indoor pools. The TTHM and HAA9 concentrations could be moderately correlated with the free chlorine and total chlorine residuals but not with the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. When the DBP concentration levels from other survey studies were also included for statistical analysis, a good correlation could be established between the TTHM levels and the TOC concentration. The influence of chlorine residual on DBP levels could also be significant.     

液氯储罐泄漏事故后果的分析与探讨

针对一起液氯储罐泄漏事故后果进行了分析,通过计算泄漏部位的尺寸并确定泄漏速率,计算出泄漏量。对液氯扩散过程分为靠自身能量扩散和高斯扩散两个阶段进行分析。利用能量理论和高斯烟羽理论计算了每个阶段的扩散浓度、范围和时间。利用计算结果对事故的后果进行了分析。最后论述了液氯泄漏后应采取的紧急措施。     

医院污水处理工程设计

A/O生化池+沉淀池+消毒工艺在处理医院废水中是可行的。原污水经过厌氧、好氧两个处理过程,可以同时去除水中大部分的B0D5、COD、悬浮物、氮、磷。通过实际的运行操作表明:该工艺具有效率高、能够脱氮除磷、处理效果好、投资低、占地面积小、运行费用低、管理操作方便等优点。     

二氧化氯杀藻无机副产物亚氯酸盐生成规律研究

研究了不同二氧化氯投加量、接触时间、pH值下二氧化氯杀藻中亚氯酸盐的生成规律及其他水质条件(藻初始质量浓度、有机物和氨氮)对亚氯酸盐生成的影响。结果表明,亚氯酸盐生成量随着二氧化氯投加量的增大和时间的延长而增大。放置2 h,生成的亚氯酸盐占二氧化氯初始投加量的10%~30%。二氧化氯杀藻的水样放置时间越长,开始生成亚氯酸盐的pH值就越低。放置30 min时生成亚氯酸盐的起始pH值为6,放置70 min时起始pH值为3.9。在酸性条件下,亚氯酸盐的生成量随pH值增大而增大;而从中性到碱性,亚氯酸盐增加缓慢。藻初始叶绿素a的质量浓度超过14.93μg/L时,亚氯酸盐的生成量随藻初始质量浓度的增大而增大。有机物促进了亚氯酸盐的生成,但亚氯酸盐的生成量并没有随有机物质量浓度的增加而增加。增大氨氮质量浓度,亚氯酸盐的生成量有降低的趋势。     

氯气泄漏爆炸和中毒事故应急处置

主要从氯气的理化性质、危险特性、毒性等入手,探讨氯气泄漏、爆炸事故的应急处理措施,以及氯气中毒后的急救措施,为氯气泄漏爆炸事故应急处置提供基本技术支持.     

气体二氧化氯对水果的杀菌作用及其应用前景展望

研究气体二氧化氯对哈密瓜中沙门氏病菌的杀菌作用,其结果表明气体二氧化氯可以明显地杀灭哈密瓜中的沙门氏病菌,对哈密瓜的存放具有明显的保鲜效果。与此同时,综述气体二氧化氯的国内外研究现状,展望了其应用前景。气体二氧化氯不仅可广泛应用于对蔬菜、水果的杀菌与保鲜,对粮食存储仓库的除霉防霉,对森林和农作物病虫的防治,而且还将在环境保护、公共卫生以及涉及反恐方面的国家安全(病菌恐怖活动)等领域可广泛应用于对环境微生物的杀菌消毒,具有极其广阔的应用前景。