Assessment of different carbon and salinity level on growth kinetics,lipid, and starch composition of Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12

ABSTRACT

The quality of microalgal biofuel depends on the fatty acid (FA) distribution. A high ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) favors better biofuel characteristics. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) are essential FAs for required biodiesel quality. In this study, combined effects of growth medium concentrations of NaCl, glucose and glycerol on cell composition and FA profile of the Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211–12 were investigated. A central composite design (CCD) based design of experiments (DoE) was used for experimental setup. According to experimental results, the maximum mass fraction for palmitic acid (C16:0), 40.67% of total fatty acids, was obtained in the medium supplemented with 0.9% (w/v) NaCl, 0.3% (w/v) glucose, and 0.3% (w/v) glycerol, whereas stearic acid (C18:0) percentage reached the highest value of 22.16% of total fatty acids in the presence of 2.5% NaCl, 0.6% glucose, and 0.6% glycerol. According to the same set of designed experiments, best starch content was found as 22.08% of dry cell weight in a medium containing 2.0% NaCl, 0.3% glucose, and 0.3% glycerol. C16:0 mass fraction as a function of three medium ingredient concentrations was modeled using a Kriging model. Optimum concentrations of NaCl, glucose and glycerol to reach maximum C16:0 fraction were predicted as 0.5, 1, and 1%, respectively.     

利用废弃蛋白质制备氨基酸螯合微肥的研究进展

复合氨基酸螯合微肥是一种高效、无公害环境友好的绿色肥料，开发前景广阔，综述了废弃蛋白质水解制备复合氨基酸螯合微肥的研究现状，展望了氨基酸螯合微肥研究领域的发展。     

黄河水中氨基酸对铅(Ⅱ)与悬浮粒子相互作用的影响

研究了五种氨基酸对黄河水中铅 ( )与悬浮粒子相互作用的离子交换率 E( % )— p H关系曲线的影响 ,结果表明 :( 1)水体中五种氨基酸浓度分别为 2μmol· L- 1 时提高 E( % )的顺序是 :组氨酸 >脯氨酸 >丙氨酸 >天门冬氨酸 >赖氨酸 ;( 2 )与未加有机物相比“S型曲线”左移 0 .4～ 1.3个 p H单位 ,Δ p H左移值顺序为 :组氨酸 >天门冬氨酸 >丙氨酸 >赖氨酸 >脯氨酸 ;( 3 )随着脯氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸和胱氨酸浓度增加 ,离子交换率提高。     

SBR工艺在脂肪酸废水处理工程中的应用

应用以生化处理为主体的工艺：厌氧-SBR法处理脂肪酸废水，通过治理工程实例运行，结果表明：工艺简单，占地面积小、基建投资少、运行费用低，处理后的出水水质稳定、处理效率高。     

不同给水处理单元对卤乙酸及前提物的去除

以某自来水厂的水处理工艺为研究对象,考察了各单元对卤乙酸(H AAs)和卤乙酸前提物(H AAFP)的去除效果。结果表明:常规处理单元(混凝、沉淀、过滤)对H AAs几乎没有去除,活性炭(GAC)对二氯乙酸(DCAA)和三氯乙酸(TCAA)的去除率分别是70%和43%,对二氯乙酸前提物(DCAAFP)和三氯乙酸前提物(TCAAFP)的去除率分别是21.5%和27.5%,比常规处理单元的去除率高。     

取代苯甲酸在江水中的生物降解性及QSBR研究

以松花江水作为微生物源，采用摇瓶法研究了取代苯甲酸的生物降解动力学。高效液相色谱测定了取代苯甲酸浓度随时间变化曲线，得到一级生物降解动力学常数K和降解半衰期t1/2。取代基对降解速度的影响依次为：硝基＞氯代＞氨基；对于同一种取代基，邻位＞对位≈间位。逐步回归分析表明，表征位阻效应的参数MW与表征电性效应的参数pKa相结合，能够较好地拟合取代苯甲酸的生物降解速率常数。同时考察了pH变化对苯甲酸生物降解的影响。     

Stereoselective metabolic disruption of cypermethrin by remolding gut homeostasis in rat

Cypermethrin (CYP), a prototypical synthetic pyrethroid, reportedly causes metabolic disruption, while its stereoselective impact remains elusive. This study initially revealed that only α-CYP caused significant weight loss at 8.5 mg/(kg•day) in rats. All three CYP isomers caused the accumulation of hepatic glycogen, and hyperlipemia phenotype as the increment of total triglyceride. Rats treated with α-CYP had markedly high blood glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. The systematic inflammation of θ-CYP group rats was evidenced by high lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels and abnormalities of leukocytes indices. By examining the gut microbiome, we found that α-CYP-treated rats had low contents of Firmicutes and high levels of Verrucomicrobia while Elusimicrobia was enriched in the β-CYP group. The increasing alpha diversity in the θ-CYP group may be due to the dominance of pathogenic bacteria and the increase of probiotics to counteract adverse effects. Exclusively, the α-CYP group enriched total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), whereas most SCFAs depleted in the θ-CYP group. The correlation analysis further found Firmicutes, an energy storage modulator, was positive to body weight (BW), while SCFAs exerted the opposite, confirming the low BW in α-CYP. Blood glucose that correlated well with SCFAs and Verrucomicrobia can be accounted for the discrepancy between α-CYP and θ-CYP. Overall, the three isomers exerted stereoselective glycolipid disruption in rats, and gut homeostasis acted as vital indicators.     

苯甲酸类化合物好氧生物降解性研究

采用从城市污水处理场活性污泥中培养的混合菌种,研究了苯甲酸、邻一、间一、对-苯二甲酸的生物降解。考察了在50,200,400和600mg/l四个浓度梯度下,四种化合物的浓度与生物降解性的关系。研究了苯环上不同羧基数量和取代基位置不同所表现出的降解难易程度上的差异。研究结果表明,在试验周期内,上述四种化合物均有不同程度的降解,四种化合物的可降解性为:邻-苯二甲酸>苯甲酸>对-苯二甲酸>间-苯二甲酸,在评价实验体系的降解性时引入了体系中细菌对化合物的负荷(mg·l~(-1)/个·ml~(-1)),使采用不同菌种量、不同化合物浓度的不同实验装置的研究结果有了相对的可比性。     

离子色谱法同时测定柠檬酸发酵液中无机阴离子和有机酸

本文建立了以ＮａＯＨ为淋洗液，甲醇为有机改进剂，阴离子交换分离，化学抑制型电导检测，快速测定柠檬酸发酵液中有机酸和ＳＯ＾２－４，ＰＬ＾３－４的离子色谱新方法，方法简单，灵敏，用于样品分析，结果令人满意。     

Tissue distribution of absorbed humic acids

Distribution of humic acids (HA) in rats was studied using radioiodinated HA injected intraperitoneally. Distribution of ¹²⁵I was also studied for comparison. The distribution pattern of HA differed greatly from that of ¹²⁵I. Except in the thyroid and skin, ¹²⁵I was excreted from the body within 24 hours, whereas a large proportion of HA remained in the liver, kidney, skin, thyroid, bone and muscle. The difference in the distribution pattern and organ/serum radioactivity ratio suggests different kinetics for ¹²⁵I and ¹²⁵I-HA. The distribution pattern of HA correlated very well with the increased prevalences of organ diseases in the blackfoot disease endemic area, as reflected in epidemiologic studies. It is hypothesised that HA-metal complexes are possible etiological factors of diseases such as goitre, hepatoma, bladder cancer, vascular disease and diabetes mellitus, and that free radicals are the common causative factor.