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601.
In this study, mono-digestion of rendering wastes and co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp were studied for the first time in continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) experiments at 55 °C. Rendering wastes have high protein and lipid contents and are considered good substrates for methane production. However, accumulation of digestion intermediate products viz., volatile fatty acids (VFAs), long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N and/or free NH3) can cause process imbalance during the digestion. Mono-digestion of rendering wastes at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.5 kg volatile solids (VS)/m3 d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d was unstable and resulted in methane yields of 450 dm3/kg VSfed. On the other hand, co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp (60% wet weight, WW) at the same OLR and HRT improved the process stability and increased methane yields (500–680 dm3/kg VSfed). Thus, it can be concluded that co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp could improve the process stability and methane yields from these difficult to treat industrial waste materials.  相似文献   
602.
将Vavilin的浓度波扩散模型引入到玉米秸秆厌氧干发酵中,使用MATLAB7.0软件运用最小二乘法,计算初始含水量为70%的中温玉米秸秆干发酵过程中Ds、DB和ρm等相关模型系数,并通过不同初始含水量(75%、80%和85%)实验来进行验证,结果表明,所得模型系数在含水量70%~80%时预测效果较好,能较为准确地反映发酵过程中的传质过程。  相似文献   
603.
挥发性脂肪酸对厌氧干式发酵产甲烷的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为了提高中温干式厌氧间歇发酵效率,研究了发酵过程中间产物———挥发性脂肪酸对产甲烷的影响。实验分2批进行,第1批在牛粪发酵过程中分别添加乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,第2批发酵添加易产生挥发酸的厨余垃圾混合发酵。结果显示,添加单一挥发酸的发酵过程中,添加丙酸的产甲烷速度较慢,因为丙酸降解生成乙酸的速度较慢,减慢了甲烷的形成;混合发酵过程厨余垃圾产甲烷速度比牛粪快,发酵过程产生2个产气高峰;牛粪和厨余垃圾固体物质含量比在11∶1到5∶1范围内较好,比牛粪单独发酵产气多,产酸高但不酸败,产生的挥发酸主要是乙酸和丙酸,其中比例为7∶1混合发酵的产甲烷速率最大,为4.89 mL/(g VS·d)。实验表明,牛粪厌氧干式发酵过程添加一定量的厨余垃圾可加快挥发酸的产生并提高挥发酸产量,从而提高甲烷的产量,但是总挥发酸长时间超过10 000 mg/L,pH降到不适于产甲烷菌生长的范围时,将抑制甲烷的生成,挥发酸积累导致厌氧发酵酸败。  相似文献   
604.
605.
Gocza?kowice Reservoir is the biggest water reservoir in the south of Poland. For our studies bottom sediments were collected from eight different places of the reservoir at various seasons of the year.EPR spectroscopy was applied to analyse both quantitatively and qualitatively the humic acids (HA) present in the samples. EPR spectra of the extracted HA exhibited broad lines from the paramagnetic metal ions and narrow lines from free radicals. The values of the free radical concentration obtained for HA amounted to 1.14-13.6 × 1016 spin g−1 depending on the season and the place of sample collection. The values of the g factor obtained for HA were of the range 2.0027-2.0035.The EPR studies show that HA extracted from bottom sediment collected at various points of the Gocza?kowice Reservoir exhibit similar physical-chemical properties. It was also observed that the depth of the reservoir affects the content of the oxygen functional groups as well as the free radical concentration in HA.The identification of the functional groups was done by means of IR. UV/VIS spectroscopy was used to estimate the maturity of the HA.  相似文献   
606.
研究土壤、腐殖酸、粘土矿对绿草定的吸附及溶液中的光降解的结果表明:吸附强弱与土壤理化特性密切相关,Freundlich常数Kf与(3·OM%+Clay%)pH3有较好的相关性(r=0.997);腐殖酸较粘土矿的吸附容量大;绿草定在土壤中的吸附可能有离子键、氢键、配位键及偶极-偶极作用等。太阳光中小于330nm波长的光对降解有效,波长254nm的光对绿草定的降解作用是波长300nm光的3.5倍。  相似文献   
607.
Introduction Environm ental and econom ic advantages highlight anaerobic digestion as a sustainable technology for solid w aste treatm ent (Edelm ann etal., 2000). A naerobic digestion could be described as four sequential steps: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, aceto- genesis and m ethanogenesis, am ong w hich the hydrolysis is recognized as the rate-lim iting step for particulate organic w aste (Jain et al., 1992; M ata-A lvarez, 2000). H ydrolysis occurs com m only together w ith the acidogenesi…  相似文献   
608.
In this study, the effect of operational parameters, such as solids retention time (SRT), pH, and substrate total solids (TS) concentration, on acid fermentation efficiency was investigated. From batch tests, it was shown that the appropriate pH range for thermophilic acidogens was around 6–7 and that the optimum pH condition was 6. From the continuous experiment, pH and SRT were shown to be the most important operational parameters for solubilization and organic acid production. In contrast, TS concentration did not show any obvious effect on chromium chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) solubilization when TS was in the range 3.5%–10%. The optimum operational conditions for thermophilic acid fermentation were an SRT of 2 days and a pH of 6. This research was carried as a part of the CREST project of Japan Science and Technology Agency.  相似文献   
609.
Formation of bound residues of pollutants in soils and sediments is an important process to control the fate of pollutants in the environment. The most of bound residue is not solvent extractable. In this paper, we measured both extractable and non-extractable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different organic matter fractions of samples from the Pearl River Delta, China. Non-extractable PAHs concentration was 234.45-1424.57 μg/kg and accounted for 33.78-57.44% of total PAHs. 2-3 Ring PAHs were the dominant species and differed in concentration substantially between the samples. The atomic ratio of PAHs over organic-C in the fractions ordered as solvent soluble organic matter > humin > humic acids, matching the content of aliphatic moieties in the fractions of organic matter. The ratio of extractable and non-extractable PAHs may relate to the aging process of PAHs in soil and sediment.  相似文献   
610.
Characterization of haloacetic acid precursors in source water   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Raw water from the Bangkok (Thailand) main municipal water supply canal was examined for its natural organic composition by fractionation with adsorption resins. DAX-8 resin was the first resin employed to fractionate the hydrophobic fractions. Fractionation at neutral pH resulted in the separation of the hydrophobic neutral components; at a high pH level (approx. 10) separation of the hydrophobic base components occurred; and at a low pH level (approx. 2) the hydrophobic acid components were separated. AG-MP-50 cationic resin was then used to separate the hydrophilic base components, and WA-10, a weak anionic resin, was applied finally to fractionate the hydrophilic acid and neutral components. Subsequently, each fraction was tested for its chlorine disinfection by-product (DBP) formation potential. The HAA formation tests demonstrated that the various organic fractions had different reactivity levels for the formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs). For this source water, the hydrophilic neutral fraction dominated over the other five fractions in being the main organic component and the most significant precursor of HAAs formation. On the other hand, in terms of specific HAA formation potential (FP), the hydrophobic and hydrophilic base fractions were the most reactive precursors to the formation of HAAs. In all cases, the quantity of HAAs formed depended linearly upon the amount of organic constituents in the water sample.  相似文献   
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