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621.
为了优化最适宜的预处理条件,探究了不同高铁酸钾(PF)亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)投加量对污泥EPS剥离和有机物转化短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的贡献情况.结果表明,Fe(VI)/S(IV)联合预处理对污泥结构,尤其是紧密附着层EPS有较强的分解作用.当PF/Na2SO3的物质的量比从0/1(单独Na2SO3组)增加至2/3时,SCFAs的最高产量由1169.5mg COD/L增加到4796.9mg COD/L(第4d),是单独Na2SO3和PF实验组的4.5和1.6倍.同时,当PF/Na2SO3物质的量比为2/3时,溶解性糖类和蛋白质释放量达到最大值,分别为260.1和2212.2mg COD/L.因此,适宜剩余污泥发酵产酸的最佳PF/Na2SO3物质的量比为2:3.基于本研究结果,结合传统厌氧发酵各个阶段,阐明了Fe(VI)/S(IV)强化污泥产酸的机理,为采用基于SO4·-的高级氧化方法强化污泥发酵产酸技术的应用提供了理论基础.  相似文献   
622.
    
Fish from the Great Lakes contain polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)which have been shown to disrupt endocrine function and mimic thyroid hormones,but they also contain beneficial omega-3 fatty acids that may offer protection against endocrine cancers.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Lake Ontario fish consumption and the estimated consumption of PCBs and omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of thyroid cancer in a group of sport fishermen.Anglers from the New York State Angler Cohort Study were followed for cancer incidence from 1991–2008.Twenty-seven cases of incident thyroid cancer and 108 controls were included in the analyses.Total estimated fish consumption,estimated omega-3 fatty acid consumption,and estimated PCB consumption from Lake Ontario fish were examined for an association with the incidence of thyroid cancer,while matching on sex,and controlling for age and smoking status.Results from logistic regression indicate no significant associations between fish consumption,short-term estimated omega-3 fatty acids,or estimated PCB consumption from Great Lakes fish and the development of thyroid cancer,but it was suggested that long-term omega-3 fatty acid from Great Lakes fish may be protective of the development of thyroid cancer.In conclusion,fish consumption,with the possible concomitant PCBs,from the Great Lakes does not appear to increase the risk of thyroid cancer in New York anglers.Further research is needed in order to separate the individual health effects of PCBs from omega-3 fatty acids contained within the fish.  相似文献   
623.
任东  王涛  陈芳  王彬  黎云祥 《中国环境科学》2018,38(6):2264-2272
以腐殖酸(HA)作为溶解性有机质模型化合物,采用高压排阻色谱、有机元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱及光降解动力学等手段研究了NaOCl对HA元素组成、结构特征、抗氧化性及光学特性等的影响.结果显示,当NaOCl与HA的浓度比由0增至20.0μmol/mg时,HA的分子量逐渐减小,并趋于集中分布;HA中的芳香酸、脂肪酸、酚和醇等含氧组分先增多后减少,使得HA的极性呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势.值得注意的是,尽管实验浓度范围内的NaOCl不改变HA的腐殖特性,但其能显著减小HA的吸光能力、抗氧化能力和芳香度,并增大HA的荧光发光强度和表观光敏化活性.研究结果能促进对深度氧化处理改变溶解性有机质结构的认识,并为污水处理厂出水中溶解性有机质的环境效应评估提供基础信息.  相似文献   
624.
以餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥为研究对象,考察不同物料配比(餐厨垃圾投加比例为0%,25%,50%,75%和100%)对16 d的厌氧共发酵产挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFAs)的影响.结果表明:餐厨垃圾的加入有助于有机质的溶解,平衡体系C/N,弥补营养物质,从而提升厌氧发酵系统的性能.当餐厨垃圾投加比例为50%时,厌氧共发酵产VFAs 达到最高为(282.8±2.9)mg COD/g VSS.在厌氧发酵过程中,产酸微生物(Prevotella_7,Lactobacillus,Veillonella)丰度逐渐升高,水解酶和产酸酶的相对活性在发酵初期被抑制,在中后期被促进,而产甲烷酶在整个过程均被抑制,从而促进了 VFAs的产量.该成果为餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥厌氧共发酵产酸资源化利用提供了一定的理论基础.  相似文献   
625.
    
Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry(CE–MS) was used for the analysis of naphthenic acid fraction compounds(NAFCs) of oil sands process-affected water(OSPW). A standard mixture of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids is injected directly onto the CE column and analyzed by CE–MS in less than 15 min. Time of flight MS analysis(TOFMS), optimized for high molecular weight ions, showed NAFCs between 250 and 800 m/z. With a quadrupole mass analyzer, only low-molecular weight NAFCs(between 100 and 450 m/z) are visible under our experimental conditions. Derivatization of NAFCs consisted of two-step amidation reactions mediated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide(EDC), or mediated by a mixture of EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide, in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The optimum background electrolyte composition was determined to be 30%(V/V) methanol in water and 2%(V/V) formic acid. NAFCs extracted from OSPW in the Athabasca oil sands region were used to demonstrate the feasibility of CE–MS for the analysis of NAFCs in environmental samples, showing that the labeled naphthenic acids are in the mass range of 350 to 1500 m/z.  相似文献   
626.
    
A combination system of biotrickling filter (BTF) and biofilter (BF), adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant- modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat H2S and NH3 simultaneously. The identification and sole carbon sources utilization patterns of isolates in the combination system were studied by Biolog system. The isolates were identified as Bacillus sphaericus, Geobacillus themoglucosidasius (55℃) and Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341) in BTF, and Aspergillus sydowii (Bainier & Sartory) Thom& Church in BE Among 95 substrate classes supplied by Biolog system, the carboxylic acids and methyl esters had the highest utilization extent for the four species, followed by the amino acids and peptides. The descending sequence of carbon sources utilization capability of isolates was A. sydowii (52.6%), M. luteus (39.5%), B. sphaericus (21.6%), and G. thermoglucosidasius (17.7%).  相似文献   
627.
腐殖酸铝盐絮凝体的动态特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
通过显微摄影分析研究了腐殖酸铝盐絮凝体成长的动态过程以及在混凝过程中絮凝体构造(分形维数)的变化规律.结果表明,在腐殖酸混凝过程中,随搅拌历时延长,絮凝体粒径不断成长变大,最终达到平衡状态.随着絮凝体的成长,其构造呈现由密实逐渐向疏松过渡的过程,空隙率变大,二维分形维数由初期的1.8左右下降到1.4左右.絮凝体分形维数Df和粒径df之间具有Df=Adf-  相似文献   
628.
    
Interactions of the three common atmospheric bases,dimethylamine((CH3)2 NH),methylamine(CH3 NH2),ammonia(NH3),all considered to be efficient stabilizers of binary clusters in the Earth’s atmosphere,with H2 SO4,the key atmospheric precursor,and 14 common atmospheric organic acids(COAs)(formic,acetic,oxalic,malonic,succinic,glutaric acid,adipic,benzoic,phenylacetic,pyruvic,maleic acid,malic,tartaric and pinonic acids)have been studied using the density f...  相似文献   
629.
630.
不同给水处理单元对卤乙酸及前提物的去除   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
以某自来水厂的水处理工艺为研究对象,考察了各单元对卤乙酸(H AAs)和卤乙酸前提物(H AAFP)的去除效果。结果表明:常规处理单元(混凝、沉淀、过滤)对H AAs几乎没有去除,活性炭(GAC)对二氯乙酸(DCAA)和三氯乙酸(TCAA)的去除率分别是70%和43%,对二氯乙酸前提物(DCAAFP)和三氯乙酸前提物(TCAAFP)的去除率分别是21.5%和27.5%,比常规处理单元的去除率高。  相似文献   
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