大型武器平台天线辐射计算软件EMRC及其应用

大型武器平台上,天线辐射的准确快速计算意义重大。本文介绍了我们自主开发的软件EMRC的核心算法——弹跳光束法(SBB),然后利用该软件对天线辐射进行了仿真计算,并与商业仿真软件FEKO的结果做了对比,验证了EMRC的正确性和高效性。     

机载设备振动条件确定方法的研究

本文以机载显控台上的显示器为例,结合GJB 150A和GJB 4239的指导,介绍了在设计阶段和生产阶段上分别通过配重和设备的振动试验测量设备安装位置的响应,分析数据并确定机载设备振动试验条件的方法。     

Assessment of the living and workplace health and safety conditions of site-resident construction workers in Tehran,Iran

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess living and workplace safety conditions of construction workers in Tehran, Iran. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 construction sites in a municipal area of Tehran whose municipal building permits were issued in 2011. Data on ventilation, workplace safety and hygiene were collected by direct observation and interviews with site foremen. Noise levels were estimated from 10 sound-level-meter stations in the municipality area. Results. Lack of ventilation in the workers’ rooms was abundant. Bathrooms were unhygienic and minimum requirements such as lighting and ventilation did not exist in 80% of the cases. In nearly 50% of large construction sites, sewage and garbage disposal were inappropriate. Elevator safety was poor at all sites and no measures for fall prevention were present in over 88% of active construction sites. This study showed that the mean 24-h equivalent continuous sound level L_eq was over 70?dB in 80% of the sites during weekdays. Conclusions. The results of this study revealed poor health and safety living and working conditions of construction workers in Tehran.     

Assessment of Ecological Integrity from Environmental Variables in an Impacted Oligotrophic,Alpine Lake: Whole Lake Approach Using 3d-Spatial Heterogeneity

The ecological integrity of a lake as a whole can only beassessed through an adequate sampling strategy. Spatialheterogeneity of phytoplankton as well as vertical andhorizontal variability of physical and chemical variables wereestimated from 57 stations at four seasons differing in theirhydrological regime. Resolution of grid positions, located byGPS, was 250 m near the impact site, 500 m for the southernpart of the lake, and 1000 m in the northern part. Data areanalysed by conventional gridding methods as well as in threedimensions with a novel GIS-technique. Horizontal large scaledifferences in several variables are associated withhydrological situations. Local variability in the southern baywas due to input of industrial tailings at times. Spatialvariation of phytoplankton biomass estimated as chlorophyll-aand relevant associated environmental variables were analysedusing a graphical multimetric approach. With this technique,the directly impacted area can be evaluated relative to theremaining part of the lake. The lake is then compared with tworeference lakes, one within the same catchement, the other ina different water-shed. An index of ecological integrity wasdeveloped describing multimetric intra- and interspecific lakevariability. The final index was used to describe the statusof lake water quality relative to a `undisturbed' referencelake. Results showed that Traunsee is ecologically intactalthough its chemistry differs substantially from an`external' reference.     

Effects of sulfate-reducing bacteria on methylmercury at the sediment–water interface

Sediment cores(containing sediment and overlying water) from Baihua Reservoir(SW China)were cultured under different redox conditions with different microbial activities, to understand the effects of sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) on mercury(Hg) methylation at sediment–water interfaces. Concentrations of dissolved methyl mercury(DMe Hg) in the overlying water of the control cores with bioactivity maintained(BAC) and cores with only sulfate-reducing bacteria inhibited(SRBI) and bacteria fully inhibited(BACI) were measured at the anaerobic stage followed by the aerobic stage. For the BAC and SRBI cores, DMe Hg concentrations in waters were much higher at the anaerobic stage than those at the aerobic stage, and they were negatively correlated to the dissolved oxygen concentrations(r =- 0.5311 and r =- 0.4977 for BAC and SRBI, respectively). The water DMe Hg concentrations of the SRBI cores were 50% lower than those of the BAC cores, indicating that the SRB is of great importance in Hg methylation in sediment–water systems, but there should be other microbes such as iron-reducing bacteria and those containing specific gene cluster(hgc AB), besides SRB,causing Hg methylation in the sediment–water system.     

抑制浮萍生长的水动力条件试验与湖库流场数值模拟

为利用水库补水产生的水动力改善水体水质,抑制浮萍生长,以红领巾水库为研究对象,通过试验确定抑制浮萍生长的水流流速,用数值模拟方法预测不同补水口位置、数量及不同补水流量情况下水库的流场分布,以使抑制浮萍生长的水流流速所占水域面积最大。结果表明:0.13 m/s以上的水流流速可抑制浮萍的生长;当补水量为2×10~4m~3/d时,补水口位置对流场分布无显著影响,但补、出水口相距越远越有利于改善水质;补水口数量对流场分布的影响较小,较佳的补水口数量为2个;增加补水量对抑制浮萍生长的作用不显著;设置潜水循环泵人为强化水流流动对抑制浮萍生长的作用显著。     

负载CuO/MnO海泡石中性条件催化H_2O_2处理铝材切削液废水

以改性海泡石为载体,采用浸渍-共沉淀法负载Cu0、MnO制备了中性条件下催化H_2O_2氧化催化剂(简称中性催化剂)。以铝材切削液废水为处理对象,研究了催化剂在中性条件下的催化性能,通过投加不同浓度的羟基自由基捕捉剂叔丁醇,对反应机理进行了探讨,同时研究了过氧化氢用量、催化剂用量等因素对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明:在中性条件下,催化剂对铝材切削液废水具有较高的COD去除率,当过氧化氢用量为1.25 mol/L,催化剂用量为25 g/L,室温条件反应120 min时,COD去除率达到88%;经该方法处理后,废水ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)由处理前的0.09提升到处理后的0.36,可生化性得到了明显提高。     

淹没条件对连续射流破碎含瓦斯煤效率影响研究

为研究淹没条件对射流破煤效率的削弱程度,基于ALE算法,借助Ansys/Ls dyna模拟软件,建立围压状态下非淹没及淹没射流破碎含瓦斯煤体流固耦合模型,通过动态追踪破碎坑体单元失效演化过程及内部应力分布等瞬时信息,探讨2种射流状态下破煤成坑过程及破煤效率的差异。研究结果表明:淹没射流与非淹没射流两者破煤坑体形态差异显著,非淹没射流条件下射流破煤坑体断面较窄,深度较深,破煤效率前后阶段差别不大;淹没射流条件下射流破煤坑体断面较宽,深度较浅,在初始阶段形成漏斗状的破碎坑体,而后逐渐向下延伸,在0～100 μs内破煤效率最高;相同工况、同一时间内,淹没射流平均破煤深度是非淹没射流平均破煤深度的41.46%。研究结果可为水射流技术的现场应用提供参考依据。     

某850kW水平轴风力发电机机舱火灾模拟与分析

采用火灾动力学模拟器软件和性能化防火设计理论,基于实际事故案例分析,设计针对某850 kW水平轴风力发电机机舱的典型火灾场景,建立池火灾模型,对额定风速(13 m/s)下机舱内该类型火灾的发生和发展过程进行研究,模拟计算机舱内火灾的热释放速率、温度场和速度场等参数,探讨进气口风速对火灾热释放速率和温度场等的影响。结果表明:封闭条件下,从齿轮箱底部发展起来的油池火灾热释放速率在62.4 s时达到最大值(757 kW),持续燃烧93 s后降至0;齿轮箱附近部件遭受火灾破坏最为严重,喷射油料二次燃烧导致火强度变大并加剧了火灾的破坏程度。额定风速下,齿轮箱附近软管喷射油料未出现二次燃烧现象,但火灾后期热释放速率在335 s内达到4 000 kW;以火源为分界面,火源前方区域温度(406~567℃)明显高于后方区域温度(177~279℃);顶部通风口承受全部热流,机舱罩顶部温度最终达到930℃,并出现轰燃。     

丝状菌污泥致密过程的强化条件研究

利用强化条件促使丝状菌污泥致密,是控制丝状菌污泥膨胀的一种新途径.分别采用提高溶解氧、加大表面流体流速、增加进水钙离子浓度、延长饥饿时间等方法从污泥的沉降性能方面探讨了丝状菌污泥在何时致密及怎样致密等问题.结果表明,加大表面气体流速能够短期内改善污泥的沉降性能,并且形成丝状菌颗粒污泥,污泥的SVI从膨胀时的800 mL/g降低为350 mL/g,但长期作用不明显,SVI在保持了一段时间较低值后,再次升高到800 mL/g以上.增加进水钙离子浓度能够通过形成簇状污泥群落来提高污泥的沉降性能,SVI值逐渐降低到300 mL/g,但是没有形成丝状菌颗粒.提高溶解氧和延长曝气时间在改善污泥沉降性能和丝状菌颗粒化两方面皆无明显效果,污泥的SVI并没有降低.另外,通过研究网眼椭圆度与污泥SVI的关系,发现具有高椭圆度(椭圆度O约为1.5)的成簇生长丝状菌菌群,能够改善污泥沉降性能.浸泡实验发现酸性条件对菌丝的凝聚具有破坏作用,碱性条件和二价阳离子对其影响不显著.