11株白腐真菌对5种偶氮染料脱色效果比较及其脱色条件优化

通过11株白腐真菌对5种偶氮染料脱色效果比较的基础上,从中筛选出一株对偶氮染料酸性铬蓝K脱色效果较好的菌株云芝SG0027,并对其脱色条件进行优化。在单因素和Plackett-Burman实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计方法,以酸性铬蓝K脱色率为响应值,对其降解条件进行优化。结果表明,云芝对偶氮染料酸性铬蓝K的最佳降解条件为:温度29.5 ℃,接菌量2片(直径为4 mm的菌片),葡萄糖20 g/L,马铃薯40 g/L,装液量30 mL/100 mL,摇床转速150 r/min,初始pH 5.5。优化后,云芝对酸性铬蓝K的脱色率可达95.94%。     

废旧家用电器回收利用及处理处置技术

随着大量家用电器进入报废期,废旧家用电器的资源化回收利用成为一个新的环境问题。介绍了国内外废旧家电的回收利用状况、处理方法和工艺流程,重点介绍了废印刷线路板的处理工艺和废塑料的再生利用,并针对我国的实际问题提出了相应的措施和办法。     

铬渣污染场地污染状况研究与修复技术分析

选取某一化工厂铬渣堆放场地作为典型铬渣污染场地,对其钻孔并采集不同深度土壤和地下水样品进行分析。研究发现,该铬渣污染场地存在很严重的土壤和地下水污染。污染物地表扩散较小,剖面扩散很严重,污染深度达6 m,不同特性土壤对六价铬的截留作用不同。在此基础上,归纳总结了国外常用铬渣污染场地修复治理技术的优缺点,并提出具体污染场地修复技术的选取应该根据勘探情况选择合适的某些技术组合。     

微电解法预处理对氟硝基苯废水的研究

采用废铁屑微电解法对氟硝基苯废水进行预处理，在铁粉投加量为3.0g/L、phH为3．0、反应时间为3h、催化剂氯化铵用量为2.0g/L的条件下，对氟硝基苯转化为氨基氟苯的转化率为70％、出水的BOD5／COD值由0上升到0．27。     

铁炭内电解预处理阿维菌素废水

采用铁炭内电解预处理阿维菌素废水，当原水pH为3.7、COD为31600mg/L、AVM含量为204μg/L时，最佳工艺条件为铁炭比1：1、停留时间30min、混凝pH8－9时，废水COD和AVM的去除率分别达到19.5%和68.5%，为后续生化处理创造了有利条件。     

基于电化学反应原理的含铬工业废水处理技术

对于含重金属离子的工业废水处理来说,污染物的去除和回收往往是最重要的指标。以电化学反应原理为基础的污水处理新技术以其在金属回收利用方面的独特优越性引起了研究人员的很大兴趣。在分析中,从铬(VI)回收利用的角度出发,介绍了电化学技术处理含铬工业废水的基本电极反应,对外加电场存在与否的两种情况下的除铬(VI)机理进行了分析,介绍了各自的典型处理流程,并讨论了各自的主要影响因素。     

Resourceful Utilization of Tannery Wastewater

Abstract

Leather industry is an important light industry in China. Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment. Degreasing, unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater. Reclaiming and reusing these wastewaters can eliminate 80% of COD, 75% of BOD, 95% of chromium and 93% of sulfuret, furthermore reduce environment impact, decrease treatment costs, save chemicals and water. Some application methods of wastewater reclamation and reuse for different operations were reported. The suitable reclamation and reuse technologies can enable leather making processes more rational, and realize the recovery and recycle of several chemicals in the tannery. Resourceful utilization of tannery wastewater should mate with renovating production technology, updating equipment, and must be guaranteed sufficiently by environmental protection measures.     

Fe—C微电解法＋H2O2组合工艺处理对氯硝基苯废水

利用废铁屑对对氯硝基苯废水进行预处理 ,可以使废水中的对氯硝基苯转化为氨基氯苯 ,然后在废水中加入H2 O2 ,使H2 O2 与废水中的Fe2 + 构成Fenton试剂 ,反应生产OH·自由基 ,OH·自由基具有强烈的氧化性 ,将氨基氯苯和对氯硝基苯中的苯环打开 ,形成断链 ,再进一步将其矿化分解     

某铬渣堆场周边土壤地下水Cr~(6+)污染特征研究

通过采集某铬渣堆场周边不同距离、深度的土壤和地下水样品,研究了铬渣堆场周边土壤、地下水中六价铬的分布特征和污染状况,通过数据分析确定了铬渣堆场周边受铬污染的地下水和土壤的范围及污染程度,判断污染边界,为后续场地污染治理提供了基础资料。结果表明:铬渣堆场周边土壤地下水已受到严重铬污染,必须尽快采取有效措施对其进行治理修复,以保证当地的农业生产和人体健康。     

Assessing the Impact of Leather Industry to Water Quality in the Aojing Watershed in Zhejiang Province, China

The development of the leather industry in the Aojiang watershed of Zhejiang province increased the release of waste water. In the waste water, ammonium nitrogen (NH⁺ ₄-N) and germanium (Ge) are the main pollutants. In recent years, literature has documented that the intake of high concentrations of NH⁺ ₄-N and Ge harms human health and biological species. This paper focuses on assessing the trends of NH⁺ ₄-N and Ge concentrations in the released waste water in Aojiang watershed and on understanding their relationships with the released waste water using regression and correlation statistics. The paper also utilizes the integrated pollution index to evaluate the water quality in the watershed. Preliminary results show that, from 1992 to 1998, the concentrations of NH⁺ ₄-N and total Ge increased 13 and 14 times, respectively, and they decreased somewhat after 1998. The concentrations of NH⁺ ₄-N and total Ge are positively correlated to the amount of released waste water. These concentrations of NH⁺ ₄-N and Ge, respectively, exceed 12 and 3 times, of the water standards. The water quality in the watershed degraded from Type III in 1992 to over Type V in 2003 when they were compared with the national water quality standards. It appeared that the pollution had positive correlation with leather industry production. The degraded water has no doubt affected human health and the ecosystem health. These results can provide scientific information for the local government to reasonably adjust the industry structure and reduce the pollution to protect the environment.