2012年我国废钢铁将继续供不应求

概述了2011年我国废钢铁市场和进口废钢市场的运行情况,对我国废钢铁资源酌供需形势进行分析,预测了2012年我国废钢铁市场的发展趋势;并针对目前废钢铁市场供不应求的局面,提出几点建议。     

再生金属行业技术培训现状与创新

阐述了再生金属行业培训工作的发展现状,对我国再生金属行业员工培训工作的内容、特点、效果进行分析,并对今后培训工作提出建议和设想。     

Removal of contaminants in leachate from landfill by waste steel scrap and converter slag

This study may be the first investigation to be performed into the potential benefits of recycling industrial waste in controlling contaminants in leachate. Batch reactors were used to evaluate the efficacy of waste steel scrap and converter slag to treat mixed contaminants using mimic leachate solution. The waste steel scrap was prepared through pre-treatment by an acid-washed step, which retained both zero-valent iron site and iron oxide site. Extensive trichloroethene (TCE) removal (95%) occurred by acid-washed steel scrap within 48 h. In addition, dehalogenation (Cl⁻ production) was observed to be above 7.5% of the added TCE on a molar basis for 48 h. The waste steel scrap also removed tetrachloroethylene (PCE) through the dehalogenation process although to a lesser extent than TCE. Heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) were extensively removed by both acid-washed steel scrap and converter slag through the adsorption process. Among salt ions (NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, and PO₄³⁻), PO₄³⁻ was removed by both waste steel scrap (100% within 8 h) and converter slag (100% within 20 min), whereas NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ were removed by waste steel scrap (100% within 7 days) and converter slag (up to 50% within 4 days) respectively. This work suggests that permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) with waste steel scrap and converter slag might be an effective approach to intercepting mixed contaminants in leachate from landfill.     

Mechanical separation-oriented characterization of electronic scrap

The ever-increasing amount of electronic scrap and the steadily-decreasing contents of the precious metals used in electronics, as well as the ever-growing environmental awareness, challenges such conventional precious-metal-oriented recycling techniques as pyrometallurgy. Separation and beneficiation of various materials encountered in electronic scrap might provide a correct solution ahead. In this context, mechanical separation-oriented characterization of electronic scrap was conducted in an attempt to evaluate the amenability of mechanical separation processes. Liberation degrees of various metals from the non-metals, which are crucial for mechanical separation, were analyzed by means of a grain counting approach. It is found that the metallic particles below 2 mm achieve almost complete liberation. Particle shapes were also quantified through an image processing system. The results obtained show that the shapes of the particles, as a result of shredding, turn out to be heterogeneous, thereby complicating mechanical separation processes. In addition, separability of various materials was ascertained by a sink–float analysis. It has been shown that density-based separation techniques shall be viable in separating metals from plastics, light plastics (ABS, PS and PVC, etc.) from glass fiber reinforced resins and aluminum from heavy metals. Specifically, a high quality copper concentrate can be expected by density-based separation techniques. Moreover, FT-IR spectra of plastics pieces from the light fractions after the sink–float testing show that PC scrap primarily contains ABS, PS and PVC plastics with the density range of +1.0–1.5 g/cm³, whereas PCB scrap mainly contains glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins plastics with the density range of +1.5–2.0 g/cm³.     

离子交换树脂处理含铬废水的研究

介绍了离子交换树脂处理含铬废水的原理,讨论了影响离子交换树脂处理能力的因素,通过pH值静态实验和流量动态实验找出了最佳反应条件.结果显示:离子交换树脂去除废水中六价铬是可行的,处理效果好.针对本次实验废水的最适合pH值为3,废水的最适合流量为3 BV/h.     

我国废钢铁市场的发展前景及废钢电子交易推荐标准

随着我国钢铁工业高速发展和国家对节能减排的高度重视,废钢铁资源的应用倍受业内关注。对我国废钢供需市场的规模、现状及发展前景进行分析和预测,并对我国废钢电子交易推荐标准进行详细介绍,指出作为大宗商品交易发展方向的电子交易模式,是我国废钢贸易的发展趋势,有利于废钢市场有序健康发展。     

2005年北京市铅的使用蓄积研究

伴随铅的长期使用,形成了铅在人类社会经济系统中的使用蓄积。铅在使用蓄积的现存量可一定程度的反映未来的废铅资源量。开展本研究可为废铅回收利用、保护铅矿资源提供重要信息。选择铅酸电池作为铅制品的代表产品,采用自下而上(bottom-up)的方法,对2005年北京市铅酸蓄电池的种类、数量等进行了调查研究,估算了铅酸蓄电池中铅的蓄积量及其构成情况。结果表明,截至2005年底,北京市在用的铅酸蓄电池中,铅的蓄积总量为28.5kt,其中,从电池类型看,起动型蓄电池占总量的88%;从产品应用场所看,机动车用电池占总量的92%。将研究结果与其他国家和国外部分城市的研究结果进行了对比分析,发现北京铅的人均蓄积量为1.85kg/c,约为国外发达国家或城市的1/2到1/6。     

热解条件对废电路板真空热解规律的影响

采用自行设计的间歇式固定床真空热解中试装置对废线路板进行了真空热解试验;研究了物料尺寸、热解终温、升温速率、真空度及恒温时间等热解条件对热解产物产率分布的影响和废线路板真空清洁热解过程的规律.试验结果表明,热解条件决定废线路板的真空热廨规律,热解终温是影响热解产物产率分布的最重要的热解条件,其它热解条件对热解产物产率分布也有一定影响.在物料尺寸为50 mm×50 mm、热解终温为550℃、加热速率为10℃·min-1、热解压力为20 kPa及恒温时间为60 min的热解条件下,有利于降低热解固体产物产率,同时有利于提高热解液体产物产率和减少处理费用.     

报废武器装备销毁技术现状及发展综述

作为武器装备全寿命管理的最后阶段,报废武器装备销毁是一项重要且具有较大危险性的工作。文中分析了我军报废武器装备销毁的技术现状,按照方法特征将其分为传统销毁技术与新型销毁技术。最后,探索了我军报废武器装备销毁技术的发展方向。     

废铝回收处理技术及工艺研究

随着我国用铝量的逐年增加,再生铝高值利用越来越受到行业关注。介绍了废铝回收处理工艺及设备,以及废铝回收处理过程中的技术难点。指出废铝回收再利用,对节约资源、保护环境具有重要意义。